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Acid and Base Strength
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tarix | 08.06.2023 | ölçüsü | 1,18 Mb. | | #116097 |
| Acids Acids - Turn blue litmus red.
- Turn methyl orange red.
Acids - Will react with:
- some metals to produce a salt and H2.
- metal oxides to produce a salt and H2O.
- metal carbonates to produce a salt, H2O, and CO2.
- bases to produce a salt and H2O.
- Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
- MgO + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O
- MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
- Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl MgCl2 + 2H2O
Acids - Are electrolytes.
- Conduct an electric current when dissolved.
Bases
Coffee itself is acidic, but it contains an alkaline compound – caffeine – which contributes to its bitter taste.
Bases - Feel slimy or slippery to the touch.
Bases - Turn red litmus blue.
- Turn methyl orange yellow.
- Turn phenolphthalein pink.
Litmus pH scale.
Bases - React with acids to produce salt and H2O.
- HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Bases Review - Properties of Acids
- Taste sour.
- Turn litmus red.
- Proton (H+) donors.
- Inc. [H3O+] in aqueous solutions.
- Properties of Bases
- Taste bitter.
- Turn litmus blue.
- Proton acceptors.
- Inc. [OH-] in aqueous solutions.
Review - pH Scale
- Traditionally 0 - 14.
- pH < 7 Acidic solution.
- pH = 7 Neutral solution.
- pH > 7 Basic solution.
pH Scale
Acidic Basic
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
pH Scale
HF, A Weak Acid As [H+] Increases, [OH-1] Decreases
1x10-13 M
1x10-12 M
1x10-11 M
1x10-10 M
1x10-9 M
1x10-8 M
1x10-7 M
1x10-6 M
1x10-5 M
1x10-4 M
1x10-3 M
1x10-2 M
1x10-1 M
1x10-13 M
1x10-12 M
1x10-11 M
1x10-10 M
1x10-9 M
1x10-8 M
1x10-7 M
1x10-6 M
1x10-5 M
1x10-4 M
1x10-3 M
1x10-2 M
1x10-1 M
[H+]
[OH-1]
Neutral Solution
Acid added to neutral solution
Base added to neutral solution
[H+] and [OH-1] in Water - In any aqueous solution:
- [H+] [OH-1] = 1x10-14
- As [H+] goes up, [OH-1] must decrease.
- As [OH-1] goes up, [H+] must decrease.
[H+] and [OH-1] in Water - If [H+] = 1x10-3 M, what is [OH-1]?
- [H+][OH-1] = 1x10-14
- (1x10-3 M)[OH-1] = 1x10-14
- [OH-1] = (1x10-14) / (1x10-3)
- [OH-1] = 1x10-11 M
- If [OH-1] = 1x10-8 M, what is [H+]?
- [H+][OH-1] = 1x10-14
- [H+](1x10-8 M) = 1x10-14
- [H+] = (1x10-14) / (1x10-8 M)
- [H+] = 1x10-6 M
pH - pH = power of Hydrogen
- negative logarithmic (powers of ten) scale.
- pH = -log10[H+]
- If [H+] = 1x10-1 M,
- If [H+] = 1x10-2 M,
- If [H+] = 1x10-3 M,
pH = -log [H+]
pOH = -log [OH-]
pOH + pH = 14
[H3O+1] and [OH-1]
[H3O+1]
[OH-1]
pH and pOH - What are the pH values of the following solutions?
- 1x10-1 M H+
- 1x10-3 M H+
- 1x10-5 M H+
- 1x10-1 M OH-1
- [H+] = (1x10-14) / (1x10-1 M) = 1x10-13 M
- pH = -log(1x10-13 M) = 13
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