Anna university :: chennai 600 025

UNIT I MULTIPLEXING 9

Transmission Systems, FDM Multiplexing and modulation, Time Division Multiplexing, Digital Transmission and Multiplexing: Pulse Transmission, Line Coding, Binary N-Zero Substitution, Digital Biphase, Differential Encoding, Time Division Multiplexing, Time Division Multiplex Loops and Rings.

SONET/SDH: SONET Multiplexing Overview, SONET Frame Formats, SONET Operations, Administration and Maintenance, Payload Framing and Frequency Justification, Virtual Tributaries, DS3 Payload Mapping, E4 Payload Mapping, SONET Optical Standards, SONET Networks. SONET Rings: Unidirectional Path-Switched Ring, Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring.

UNIT II DIGITAL SWITCHING 9

Switching Functions, Space Division Switching, Time Division Switching, two-dimensional Switching: STS Switching, TST Switching, No.4 ESS Toll Switch, Digital Cross-Connect Systems, Digital Switching in an Analog Environment. Elements of SSN07 signaling.

UNIT III NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT 9

Timing: Timing Recovery: Phase-Locked Loop, Clock Instability, Jitter Measurements, Systematic Jitter. Timing Inaccuracies: Slips, Asynchronous Multiplexing, Network Synchronization, U.S. Network Synchronization, Network Control, Network Management.

UNIT IV DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER ACCESS 9

ISDN: ISDN Basic Rate Access Architecture, ISDN U Interface, ISDN D Channel Protocol. High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Loops: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, VDSL. Digital Loop Carrier Systems: Universal Digital Loop Carrier Systems, Integrated Digital Loop Carrier Systems, Next-Generation Digital Loop Carrier, Fiber in the Loop, Hybrid Fiber Coax Systems, Voice band Modems: PCM Modems, Local Microwave Distribution Service, Digital Satellite Services.

UNIT V TRAFFIC ANALYSIS 9

Traffic Characterization: Arrival Distributions, Holding Time Distributions, Loss Systems, Network Blocking Probabilities: End-to-End Blocking Probabilities, Overflow Traffic, Delay Systems: Exponential service Times, Constant Service Times, Finite Queues.

TOTAL: 45

Textbook

1. Bellamy John, “Digital Telephony”, John Wily & Sons, Inc. 3^rd edn. 2000.

ReferenceS

1. 
   Viswanathan. T., “Telecommunication Switching System and Networks”, Prentice Hall of India Ltd., 1994.
   

EC1015 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION 3 0 0 100

AIM

To enable the student to become familiar with satellites and satellite services.

OBJECTIVES

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  Overview of satellite systems in relation to other terrestrial systems.
  
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  Study of satellite orbits and launching.
  
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  Study of earth segment and space segment components
  
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  Study of satellite access by various users.
  
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  Study of DTH and compression standards.
  

UNIT I OVERVIEW OF SATELLITE SYSTEMS, ORBITS AND LAUNCHING METHODS 9

Introduction – Frequency Allocations for Satellite Services – Intelsat – U.S.Domsats – Polar Orbiting Satellites – Problems – Kepler’s First Law – Kepler’s Second Law – Kepler’s Third Law – Definitions of Terms for Earth-orbiting Satellites – Orbital Elements – Apogee and Perigee Heights – Orbital Perturbations – Effects of a Nonspherical Earth – Atmospheric Drag – Inclined Orbits – Calendars – Universal Time – Julian Dates – Sidereal Time – The Orbital Plane – The Geocentric-Equatorial Coordinate System – Earth Station Referred to the IJK Frame – The Topcentric-Horizon Co-ordinate System – The Sub-satellite Point – Predicting Satellite Position.

UNIT II GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT & SPACE SEGMENT 9

Introduction – Antenna Look Angels – The Polar Mount Antenna – Limits of Visibility – Near Geostationary Orbits – Earth Eclipse of Satellite – Sun Transit Outage – Launching Orbits – Problems – Power Supply – Attitude Control – Spinning Satellite Stabilization – Momentum Wheel Stabilization – Station Keeping – Thermal Control – TT&C Subsystem – Transponders – Wideband Receiver – Input Demultiplexer – Power Amplifier – Antenna Subsystem – Morelos – Anik-E – Advanced Tiros-N Spacecraft

UNIT III EARTH SEGMENT & SPACE LINK 9

Introduction – Receive-Only Home TV Systems – Outdoor Unit – Indoor Unit for Analog (FM) TV – Master Antenna TV System – Community Antenna TV System – Transmit-Receive Earth Stations – Problems – Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power – Transmission Losses – Free-Space Transmission – Feeder Losses – Antenna Misalignment Losses – Fixed Atmospheric and Ionospheric Losses – Link Power Budget Equation – System Noise – Antenna Noise – Amplifier Noise Temperature – Amplifiers in Cascade – Noise Factor – Noise Temperature of Absorptive Networks – Overall System Noise Temperature – Carrier-to-Noise Ratio – Uplink – Saturation Flux Density – Input Back Off – The Earth Station HPA – Downlink – Output Back off – Satellite TWTA Output – Effects of Rain – Uplink rain-fade margin – Downlink rain-fade margin – Combined Uplink and Downlink C/N Ratio – Intermodulation Noise.

UNIT IV SATELLITE ACCESS 9

Single Access – Preassigned FDMA, Demand-Assigned FDMA, SPADE System. Bandwidth-limited a Power-limited TWT amplifier operation, FDMA downlink analysis.

TDMA : Reference Burst; Preamble and Postamble, Carrier recovery, Network synchronization, unique word detection, Traffic Date, Frame Efficiency and Channel capacity, preassigned TDMA, Demand assigned TDMA, Speech Interpolation and Prediction, Downlink analysis for Digital transmission.

Companion of uplink Power requirements for FDMA & TDMA. On-board signal Processing for TDMA / FDMA operation, Satellite switched TDMA.
Code-Division Multiple Access – Direct-Sequence spread spectrum – code signal c(t) – autocorrelation function for c(t) – Acquisition and trackling – Spectrum spreading and dispreading – CDMA throughput – Problems – Network Layers – TCP Link – Satellite Links and TCP – Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels Using Standard Mechanisms (RFC-2488) – Requests for comments – Split TCP connections – Asymmetric Channels – Proposed Systems.