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sinergetika socialur-ekonomikur sakiTxebSi
mariam kapanaZe, neli sesaZe
Tbilisis ekonomikur urTierTobaTa saxelmwifo universiteti
reziume
Tanamedrove mecniereba sul ufro da ufro axal mimarTulebebs gvTavazobs. sul raRac
sami aTeuli wlis win safuZveli Caeyara disciplinaTaSoris mimarTulebas - sinergetikas,
romelic Seiswavlis TviTorganizebis zogad kanonzomirebebs rTul, Ria sistemebSi
nivTierebebis permanentuli nakadebis gacvlis procesSi. sinergetikis Seswavlis obieqtad
gvevlineba sruliad gansxvavebuli sistemebi, atomidan dawyebuli - adamianiT damTavrebuli.
dResdReobiT sinergetikas mimarTavs socialur-ekonomikuri sferos bevri dargi.
sakvanZo sityvebi: sinergetika. TviTorganizeba. rTuli sistema. Ria sistema. socialur-
ekonomikuri sfero
1. Sesavali
TviTorganizebis Sesaxeb mecniereba cnobilia ramdenime saxelwodebiT: germaniaSi mas
uwodeben sinergetikas; frangulenovan qveynebSi disipatiur struqturaTa Teoriis saxels
atarebs da viTardeba belgiis samecniero skolis warmomadgenlis, nobelis premiis laureatis,
i. prigoJinis xelmZRvanelobiT. aSS-Si cnobilia rogorc `dinamikuri qaosis Teoria”.
saqarTveloSi TviTorganizebis ZiriTad terminad miRebulia sinergetika [1].
1980-ani wlebis bolos mecnierebma qaosis Teoriis gamoyeneba scades socialur
mecnierebebSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom ekonomikaSi sinergetikis meTodebis gamoyeneba (magaliTad,
gamokvlevebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia fasiani qaRaldebis bazarTan) win uswrebda mis
gamoyenebas sxva socialur mecnierebebSi.
sinergetikis ekonomikur modelad SegviZlia ganvixiloT bazris meqanizmi. ekonomikis
mecnierebis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebaa sabazro wonasworobis Seswavla-gamokvleva da
misi miRwevis pirobebi. XX saukunis dasawyisamde, ekonomikis Teoriebis Tanaxmad, wonasworobis
darRveva mxolod droebiT movlenas warmoadgenda. iTvleboda, rom misgan yoveli gadaxra
avtomaturad aRmoifxvreboda bazris `uxilavi xelis” Carevis Sedegad.
radganac arsebobs wonasworobis mxolod erTi SesaZlo wertili, TviTregulirebis
meqanizms ekonomika mihyavs swored am wertilisaken. saxelmwifoebrivi ekonomikuri politikis
mizani konkurentunariani bazris SeqmnaSi mdgomareobda da saxelmwifo biujetic orientirebuli
unda yofiliyo yovelTvis Semosavlebisa da xarjebis Tanasworobaze [3,4].
wamyvani msoflio qveynebis ganviTarebam Camoayaliba postindustriuli, Semdgom ki axali
ekonomika-codnis, inovaciebis, globaluri informaciuli sistemebis, inteleqtualuri Sromis
ekonomikis, mecnierebis, uaxlesi teqnologiebis ekonomika. axali ekonomikis safuZvels warmoad-
gens Tanamedrove sazogadoebis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mTavari dominanti -
dagrovili adamianuri kapitali.
2. ZiriTadi nawili
Tanamedrove adamianuri kapitali warmoadgens ganviTarebis intensiur sawarmoo da social-
ur faqtors. igi yalibdeba aRzrdis, ganaTlebis, codnis, samewarmeo unaris, informaciuli uz-
runvelyofis, usafrTxoebisa da ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis xarjze.
arsebobs fundamenturi kanonebi, romlebic SeuZlebels xdis uzarmazari inerciis mqone did
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qveynebSi (magaliTad, ruseTi) ekonomikisa da sazogadoebis swraf gardaqmnas, amitom obieqturia
is siZneleebi, rasac es qveynebi ganicdis gardamaval bifurkaciuli cvlilebebis periodSi.
Tanamedrove periodSi rTuli sistemebis, maT Soris sazogadoebrivi sistemebis TviTor-
ganizaciis Teoriad Camoyalibda sinergetika, romlis maTematikur bazasac warmoadgens
arawrfivi gantolebebi, xolo kvlevis sagans arawrfivi movlenebi, romlebic warmoiqmneba Zli-
erad arawrfiv mdgomareobaSi - bifurkaciul wertilebSi. sinergetika iZleva SesaZleblobas
procesebi rTuli sistemebSi Sefasdes axleburad da ufro metic, msoflioSi Seiqmnas
ganviTarebis prognozirebis modelebi arawonasworul pirobebSi. kerZod sinergetikis farglebSi
Seiqmna katastrofebis Teoria. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdgom sinergetikisa da
arawonasworuli Termodinamikis terminebiT gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebi gadis bifurkaciul
wertils. sinergetikuli midgoma gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas gavceT pasuxi am kuTxiT mniSvnelovan
kiTxvebs da dasaxul iqnes maTi Semdgomi ganviTarebis gzebi [2].
socialur mecnierebaSi sinergetikis koncefciis ganviTarebam ramdenime meTodologiuri
gza ganvlo:
1. filosofiuri mimarTuleba: ikvlevs SemecnebiTi Teoriis axal SesaZleblobebs.
magaliTad, ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis filosofiis institutSi da moskovis saerTaSoriso
sinergetikul forumze gaixsna samecniero kvleviTi seminari `ganaTlebis filosofia”.
2. qaosuri reJimebis arsebobis dadgena: aseTi gamokvlevebi, ra Tqma unda Zalzed
mniSvnelovania. magaliTad, istorikosisaTvis qaosuri komponentis aRmoCenas SeiZleba hqondes
principuli mniSvneloba, radganac SesaZlebeli xdeba visaubroT procesis Sinagan
aramdgradobaze, rodesac mcire zemoqmedebas an SemTxveviT rxevebs (fluqtuaciebs) SeuZlia
gamoiwvios mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi. aRniSnuli mimarTuleba Sexvda rig seriozul siZneleebs.
maT Soris aRsaniSnavia meTodebis standartizaciis problema, romelic zRudavs determinirebul
qaoss, gamowveuls Sinagani parametrebis cvlilebiT, SemTxveviT rxevebs (gamowveuls sistemaze
gareSe zemoqmedebiT).
3. socialuri fenomenebis maTematikuri modelebis Seqmna. misi arsi SeiZleba
warmodgindes Semdegi saxiT: ganixileba romeliRac `gonivruli” hipoTeza (saintereso
socialuri problemebis formalizaciis Semdeg), romelic akavSirebs erTmaneTTan amocanis
parametrebs. Semdeg Caiwereba maTi Sesabamisi gantolebebi (arawrfivi) da maTi amoxsna
xorcieldeba kompiuteris meSveobiT. amgvari midgomis upiratesobas warmoadgens procesis
gamokvlevis SesaZlebloba dinamikaSi da im mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena, romlebic ar
gamomdinareobs arsebuli sawyisi hipoTezebidan Cveulebrivi logikaze dayrdnobiT. magram aseTi
midgoma seriozul siZneleebTanaa dakavSirebuli. kompiuterebis farTo danergvam warmoSva imis
iluzia, rom rac ufro mets aRvricxavT, miT ufro zust Sedegebs miviRebT. magram, ramdenime
msxvili kvleviTi proeqtis Cavardnam daadastura amgvari midgomis ususuroba. magaliTad,
ekologiuri
procesebis modelirebis amerikuli proeqti ”BIOSPHERE”, romelSic
monawileobda daaxloebiT 700 wamyvani specialisti, mivida Sedegebamde, romelTa gonivruli
interpretaciac SeuZlebeli gaxda.
ufro perspeqtiuli am mxriv aRmoCnda sinergetikuli midgoma, romelsac safuZvlad
udevs rTuli sistemis cvladebis simravlidan mcire raodenobis xarisxis parametrebis
gamoyofa, romlebzedac aewyoba sistemis danarCeni parametrebi momavalSi. es mniSvnelovnad
amartivebs sistemas da gvaZlevs rTuli sistemis modelirebis SesaZleblobas. magram, praqtikaSi
xarisxis parametrebis gamovlenis amocana Zalze rTulia. mniSvnelovania agreTve parametrebis
gazomvadobis problemac.
raodenobrivi monacemebis miRebis meTodebi rogorc ekonomikaSi, aseve sociologiasa da
sxva sazogadoebriv mecnierebebSi Zireulad gansxvavdeba sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebSi
gamoyenebuli xerxebisagan. subieqtur faqtorebze obieqturi informaciis mopoveba xSirad
xorcieldeba testebis, gamokiTxvebis, iribi monacemebis analizis safuZvelze. aseT SemTxvevaSi
mkacri formulebis nacvlad, romlebic akmayofilebs statistikur monacemebs, mkvlevarebi
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cdiloben ipovon dinamikuri sistemebi msgavsi yofaqcevebiT. amis magaliTad SeiZleba
davasaxeloT resleris atraqtori, romelic SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc `samSeneblo bloki”
sxvadasxva dargisaTvis – dawyebuli qimiuri kinetikidan damTavrebuli `sagaficvo moZraobis
modelebiT”. am SemTxvevaSi aqcenti keTdeba sistemis ara raodenobriv, aramed xarisxobriv
aRweraze. ganxilulma mimdinareobam miiRo `rbili modelirebis” saxeli, romelsac xSirad
naklebad saimedo modelebidan SedarebiT saimedo daskvnebis miRebis xelovnebas uwodeben. kvlav
Riad rCeba sakiTxi agebuli da realurad arsebuli modelis adeqvaturobis Sesaxeb.
4. modelireba raodenobrivi meTodebis safuZvelze. sociosinergetikis ganviTarebis
erTerTi mimarTulebaa raodenobrivi meTodi. modelis ageba am meTodis mixedviT efuZneba
socialuri mecnierebebis ricxobriv monacemebs. mTeli rigi socialuri movlenebi aRiwereba
albaTobis meTodebiT, radganac ganawilebis albaTuri funqcia advilad eqvemdebareba gazomvas
(magaliTad, sociologiuri gamokiTxvebi). am mimarTulebiT ikveTeba Semdegi problemebi:
monacemebis arasakmarisi raodenoba, standartuli statistikuri meTodebisa da Sesabamisi
programuli meTodebis ararseboba, ganmeorebiTi gazomvebis SeuZlebloba da didi cdomilebebi,
romlebSic sistemis namdvili fluqtuaciebi ar gansxvavdeba statistikuri xmaurisagan.
TviTorganizebis Teoria saSualebas gvaZlevs axleburad mivudgeT mTeli rigi problemebis
gadawyvetas, rogorebicaa:
· istoriuli determinizmi (`yvelaferi daSvebulia” an `yvelaferi winaswar
gansazRvrulia”);
· socialur-ekonomikuri krizisebis buneba da maTi daZlevis gzebi (SesaZlebelia Tu ara
sazogadoebis ganviTareba krizisis gareSe);
· socialuri progresis kriteriumi (arsebobs Tu ara msgavsi progresis obieqturi
kriteriumi);
· grZelvadiani socialuri prognozirebis SesaZleblobebi;
· bunebis, sazogadoebisa da sxvaTa koevoluciis (SeTanxmebuli ganviTarebis)
SesaZleblobebi.
sinergetikuli meTodologiis aqtualuroba dakavSirebulia Tanamedrove epoqis
gansakuTrebulobasTan, romelSic arastabiluroba, socialuri kaleidoskopis cvalebadoba
gardaiqmna Tanamedroveobis mdgrad maxasiaTeblad. mimdinareobs sazogadoebrivi institutebis
intensiuri transformacia, maT Soris icvleba adamianis socialuri, kulturuli yofiTi garemo
da paralelurad misi Sexedulebebi cxovrebis azrsa da mizanze.
gansxvavebuli bunebis TviTorganizebis unaris mqone sistemebis Seswavlis Sedegad,
warmoiSveba axali - arawrfivi azrovneba, romelsac aqvs sami maxasiaTebeli: uwonasworoba,
aramdgradoba, Seuqcevadoba; fluqtuaciis, bifurkaciis da koherentulobis (kooperatiulobis),
koncefciasTan erTad gamoxataven `samyarosa da Semecnebis axal sabaziso models, da mecnierebas
aniWeben `axal enas”.
sinergetika axalgazrda mecnierebaa. masSi jerjerobiT SekiTxvebi ufro metia vidre
pasuxebi. igi ufro metad gvexmareba kiTxvebis dasmaSi. ramdenadac cnobilia, sworad dasmul
SekiTxvas ukve mivyavarT nawilobriv mis gadawyvetamde.
3. daskvna
Tanamedrove periodSi swrafad viTardeba axali disciplinaTSorisi mimarTuleba -
mecniereba TviTorganizaciis procesebis Sesaxeb, romelic moicavs Cveni garemocvisa da
arsebobis yvela sferos. am zogadi TviTorganizaciis principebis gamovlenisaTvis saWiroa
sistemuri midgoma. TviTorganizacia gvaZlevs saSualebas SeviswavloT Tavisi bunebiT
sxvadasxvanairi dinamikuri sistemebis Tvisebebi erTiani maTematikuri poziciebidan da erTiani
cnebebiT. dResdReisobiT sinergetikis koncefciis gamoyeneba socialur sferoSi kvlav kvlevis
procesSia. uaxloes wlebSi unda velodoT axal Sedegebs.
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187
literatura:
1. Васильков В.В. Порядок и хаос в развитии социальных систем
(Синергетика и теория
социальной самоорганизации
) СПБ Лань 1999
2. guguSvili a. da sxv. sinergetika, XXI saukunis saxelmZRvanelo. Tbilisi. 2003
3. Бранский В.П. социальная синергетика как постмодернистская философия истории
(Общественные науки и современность). 2004 №6 стр.117-127
4. Дульнев Г.Н. Введение в синергетику. СПБ, проспект 2002.
СИНЕРГЕТИКА СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ВОПРОСАХ
Капанадзе М., Сесадзе Н.
Грузинский Tехнический Университет
Резюме
Современная наука с каждым днем предлогает новые направления, в том числе и Синергетика
– это относительно молодое междисциплинарное научное направление. Синергетика изучает общие
закономерности самоорганизации, становление структур, которые образуются в сложных, открытых
системах в процессе перманентного потокового обмена веществом, энергией и информацией с
окружающей средой в неравновесных условиях. Важным для синергетики является выявление
пространственно-временной структуры организации, условий ее возникновения и развития.
Объектами исследования синергетики выступают самые разные системы, от атома до человека.
SYNERGETIC IN SOCIAL-ECONOMIC ISSUES
Kapanadze Mariam, Sesadze Neli
Georgian Technical University
Summary
Day by day modern science offers new branches. Synergetic is the newest science, which
appeared about 30 years ago. It represents an interdisciplinary science and studies the general
regulations of self-organization, formation of structures, which appeared in complex open systems
during exchange process of permanent streams of substance. The objects of studying are quite
different systems, from atom to humans. Nowadays many braches of social-economic sphere use
synergetic in solving their problems.
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