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22. There is a heaven and hell
Psi
2. Some individuals are able to levitate (lift) objects through mental forces
9. Psychokinesis, the movement of objects through psychic powers, does
exist
16. A person’s thoughts can influence the movement of a physical object
23. Mind reading is not possible
Witchcraft
3. Black magic really exists
10. Witches do exist
17. Through the use of formulas and incantations, it is possible to cast
spells on persons
24. There are actual cases of witchcraft
Superstition
4. Black cats can bring bad luck
11. If you break a mirror, you will have bad luck
18. The number “13” is unlucky
Spiritualism
5. Your mind or soul can leave your body and travel (astral projection)
12. During altered states, such as sleep or trances, the spirit can leave the
body
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19. Reincarnation does occur
25. It is possible to communicate with the dead
Extraordinary Life Forms
6. The abominable snowman of Tibet exists
13. The Loch Ness monster of Scotland exists
20. There is life on other planets
Precognition
7. Astrology is a way to accurately predict the future
14. The horoscope accurately tells a person’s future
21. Some psychics can accurately predict the future
26. Some people have an unexplained ability to predict the future
APPENDIX 2
Post-Critical Belief Scale (PCBS), Hutsebaut (1996)
Second Naiveté
1. The Bible holds a deeper truth which can only be revealed by personal
reflection
2. If you want to understand the meaning of the miracle stories from the
Bible, you should always place them in their historical context
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6. The Bible is a guide, full of signs in the search for God, and not a
historical account
10. Despite the fact that the Bible was written in a completely different
historical context from ours, it retains a basic message
12. Because Jesus is mainly a guiding principle for me, my faith in him
would not be affected if it would appear that he never actually existed as a
historical individual
16. The historical accuracy of the stories from the Bible, is irrelevant for
my faith in God
26. Despite the high number of injustices Christianity has caused people,
the original message of Christ is still valuable to me
33. I still call myself a Christian, even though a lot of things that I cannot
agree with have happened in the past in name of Christianity
Orthodoxy
3. You can only live a meaningful life if you believe
4. God has been defined for once and for all and therefore is immutable
7. Even though this goes against modern rationality, I believe Mary truly
was a virgin when she gave birth to Jesus
11. Only the major religious traditions guarantee admittance to God
14. Religion is the one thing that gives meaning to life in all its aspects
17. Ultimately, there is only one correct answer to each religious question
21. Only a priest can give an answer to important religious questions
25. I think that Bible stories should be taken literally, as they are written
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External Critique
5. Faith is more of a dream which turns out to be an illusion when one is
confronted with the harshness of life
8. Too many people have been oppressed in the name of God in order to
still be able to have faith
18. God is only a name for the inexplicable
20. The world of Bible stories is so far removed from us, that it is has little
relevance
22. A scientific understanding of human life and the world has made a
religious understanding superfluous
27. In the end, faith is nothing more than a safety net for human fears
29. In order to fully understand what religion is all about, you have to be an
outsider
30. Faith is an expression of a weak personality
32. Religious faith often is an instrument for obtaining power, and that
makes it suspect
Relativism
9. Each statement about God is a result of the time in which it is made
13. Ultimately, religion means commitment without absolute guarantee
15. The manner in which humans experience their relationship to God, will
always be coloured by the times they live in
19. Official Church doctrine and other statements about the absolute will
always remain relative because they are pronounced by human beings at a
certain period of time
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23. God grows together with the history of humanity and therefore is
changeable
24. I am well aware that my beliefs are only one possibility among so many
others
28. Secular and religious conceptions of the world give valuable answers to
important questions about life
31. There is no absolute meaning in life, only giving directions, which is
different for every one of us
APPENDIX 3
Shortened NEO-PI-R, Costa and McCrae (1978,
1992, 1995)
Neuroticism + keyed
1. Often feel blue
11. Shirk my duties
21. Am often down in the dumps
31. Have frequent mood swings
41. Panic easily
Neuroticism – keyed
6. Am very pleased with myself
16. Am not easily bothered by things
26. Feel comfortable with myself
36. Seldom feel blue
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