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Rheological Properties of Tailings Materialsparticle solution (slurry). The tailings are piped to lakes, withrheological-properties-of-tailings-materials-IJERTV11IS070061 particle solution (slurry). The tailings are piped to lakes, with
a few significant outliers where the allowed practise is to
dump straight into rivers and oceans. Large, designed
structures, such as the one illustrated in (Figure 2a), are
created in the trough or with sidewalls. This little red mud
dumps reservoir in Hungary collapsed on October 6, 2010.
(Figure 2b). The crimson sludge swelled to a height of 2
metres, killing 9 people and injuring 122 others, according
to reports. The fine-particle leftover after the separation of
alumina from bauxite is known as red mud. At a pH of
around 13, this is released. On a massive basis alumina
refineries produce about 15,000 tonnes of fine-particle trash
each day. This is little in compared to the world's largest
copper mine.
Environmentally, the sector has a terrible reputation.
Tailings dumps, dam collapses, leakages, unrehabilitated
areas, and discharges into waterways are all part of the
evidence. There have been 21 reported tailings dam disasters
in the last decade at least, compared to 22 in the decade
before that. Minimum 268 individuals have died as a direct
result of tailings dam accidents in the last five years, yet
these tragedies have gone unnoticed by the general public.
Figure 2: (a) red mud tailing in Hungary and (b) 2010 dam failure (Boger
2013)
IV.CASE STUDIES
Tailings Slurries Rheology
Slurries can be classed as Newtonian or non-Newtonian
fluids based on their flow characteristics. Under many
situations, existing tailings-disposal technique involves
pumping low-concentration Newtonian mixtures to a
dumping pond in turbulent flow. Usually, slurry and
thickening tailings act in a non-Newtonian manner.
The generated shear stress and the shear rate in inelastic
Newtonian fluids have a direct proportionality. As shear
stress is imposed, flow begins.
A uniform viscosity is indicated by the proportional
connection between shear stress and shear rate. In the
presence of a yield stress, concentrating mining tailings
exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour. The yield stress, is the
crucial shear stress that should be surpassed in order for
permanent deformation and flowing to occur.
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