Innate Response
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Humoral Response
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Cell-Mediated Response
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How it is initiated: what starts the process?
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Always on—barriers are present and the cells are circulating. Neutrophils are attracted by signals from infected cells. Histamines are released at the site of damage.
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Antigen is presented to lymphocytes in lymph nodes. When an antigen binds to a B cell, the cell is activated and divides and differentiates into plasma cells.
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Antigen-presenting cell binds to the antigen receptor for the T cell which divide and differentiate into T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells
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Speed of response
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Immediate, within minutes or hours
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Slow, may take up to a week
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Slow, may take up to a week
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Types of cells involved
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Dendritic, Mast
Macrophages
Monocytes. Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Granulocytes, Natural Killer Cells
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B cells:
Activated B cells
Plasma cells
Memory B cells
Helper T cells
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Antigen-presenting cells
Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Memory T cells
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Types of protein molecules involved
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Toll-like receptors
Histamines
Cytokines (interferons)
Complement proteins
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Antigen
Epitope
Antibodies
B cell antigen receptor
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T cell receptors
MHC I, MHC II
CD4, CD8, Chemokines, Perforin
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