Haiphong department of transport

2.1. PROJECT LOCATION AND JUSTIFICATION

14. 
    Hai Phong (Haiphong) City is located 102 km East to Ha Noi (Hanoi). It is the third largest urban and commercial center in Viet Nam (Vietnam). Haiphong seaport, the largest seaport system in the Northern Region, connects the northern and southern regions of Viet Nam and facilitates international trade and commerce. An increase in the volume of imports and exports in recent years has resulted in significant increases in traffic flow into and out of Haiphong port. Currently, traffic into and from the port crosses through the center of the city using Nguyen Van Linh – Nguyen Binh Khiem corridor. This corridor has become one of the most urbanized roads in Hai Phong in the last decade, and the roads have been overloaded with light and heavy traffic causing not only serious traffic accidents and traffic safety issues, but also environmental pollution due to dust and exhaust emissions.
    

2.2. MAIN OBJECTIVES OF BAC SON – NAM HAI EAST-WEST ARTERIAL ROAD

15. 
    The main objectives of the road are:
    

1. 
   Reduce traffic congestion, traffic accidents, and environmental pollution in the Nguyen Van Linh – Nguyen Binh Khiem corridor by diverting the heavy-vehicle traffic generated by port activities and segregating it from urban traffic.
   
2. 
   Promote the city’s economic development by satisfying the increased transport demand in and out of Haiphong port from major economic regions in Northern Viet Nam as well as the areas within Hai Phong city.
   

2.3. COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT

16. 
    The main components of the road are: construction of a 20 km long arterial road from the intersection with National Highway 10 in Bac Son commune in the Western side of the city to Nam Hai commune in the Eastern side of the city. The Project will be constructed along a new alignment corridor, in and around both densely populated urban areas as well as agricultural land, including aquaculture. The road has an overall cross section width of 50.5 m which provides sufficient width for eventual dual 3 lane main carriageways flanked on either side by 2 lane service/frontage roads. However, in this project, based on the initial forecasts of traffic flow, only dual 2 lane main carriageways are to be constructed, with space to add extra lanes included in the central median. The Project is divided into two main sections (i) Bac Son to Quan Tru and (ii) Quan Tru to Nam Hai:
    

A1(a) Bac Son – Quan Tru link (Western section):

17. 
    This section starts at Bac Son (km 0), where the project road intersects with NH10, and ends at km 9+200 at the approach to the Dong Khe bridge over the Lach Tray river. This section comprises a main dual 2 lane carriageway with a cross-section of 27.5m which corresponds to the central part of the full scale cross-section. This section of the road crosses An Duong district which currently is largely a peri-urban agricultural area, but which is scheduled to be urbanized over the next 10 years in the Master Plan of Haiphong city.
    

A1(b) Quan Tru – Nam Hai link:

18. 
    This section runs from the approach to the Dong Khe bridge at km 9+200 to Nam Hai at km 20+000 with length of 10.8 km, after which the link enters the new port complex of Chua Ve – Doan Xa. The overall width is 50.5 m, and this section of road is to be constructed with dual 2 lane main carriageways and 2 lane side/frontage roads, and 5 meters footpaths on either side. This section crosses the districts of Hai An, Le Chan and to lesser extent Ngo Quyen and Kien An – all of them are urban districts.
    
19. 
    Main civil works along the road include:
    

• 
  Construction of two major bridges over the Lach Tray river: Dong Khe bridge (also called Dong Hoa bridge) at km 9+463; and Niem 2 bridge at km 11+150, both 30 m in width and 534 m in lenght.
  
• 
  Construction of one small bridge and one large culvert: Re bridge with a lenght of 87.8 m over the Re river at km 0+683, and An Kim Hai culvert with a length of 35.1 m over An Kim Hai canal at km 4+795.
  
• 
  Relocation of 1.285 km of the left-side dyke of Lach Tray river and construction of Rao underpass.
  

20. 
    The selected alignment for the Bac Son – Nam Hai Road is presented in Figure 1.
    

Figure 1: Alignment of the Bac Son – Nam Hai Road

2.4. MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS

21. 
    The Project is expected to have positive environmental and social outcomes. Through the proposed improvements, the Project will create direct economic benefits to Haiphong City in general, and the communes, wards and districts in the vicinity of the Project areas, in particular. The planned Bac Son - Nam Hai East-West Arterial Road is expected to relieve residents along the existing section of the corridor of heavy traffic.
    
22. 
    The EIA Report identified two main issues from the Project:
    

Resettlement impacts:

23. 
    The project will result in significant resettlement impacts due to the required land acquisition. Additional land acquisition would be necessary for development of resettlement sites to relocate households displaced by the project. According to the preliminary survey results, the project will affect a total of 2,835 households, included 11,586 persons in 15 communes/wards of five urban/rural districts, of which, 1,728 households would need to be relocated. HPUTDP-PMURTW, in coordination with the ward and commune authorities has identified 12 potential resettlement sites covering an area of about 37.3 ha. HPUTDP-PMURTW has prepared a draft Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Project. Resettlement cost, including the cost of development of resettlement sites, is estimated at US $96 million. A RAP has been prepared according to the Involuntary Resettlement Policy of the World Bank (OP 4.12). The RAP includes programs for replacement of houses and land and relocation of cemeteries, and other community assets.
    

Construction Impacts:

24. 
    Building the road in urban and peri-urban communities, and along intensively cultivate lands will require careful planning and management of impacts from construction. Potential impacts include: pollution of rivers, irrigation canals and cultivated lands; increased dust, noise and other nuisances on local communities; increased traffic on local roads; ; impacts caused by presence of a large workforce in and near local communities; disposal of construction wastes.
    
25. 
    Therefore, the management of impacts during construction constitutes the main element of the proposed EMP. Table 1 summarizes the potential environmental and social impacts generated from construction-related activities.
    

Table 1: Potential Environmental and Social Impacts during the Construction

Activity	Potential Impacts
Construction Workforce	Increased demand for infrastructure and utilities Tensions between outside workers and local communities Increase of theft, drug and alcohol abuse Affected living standard and income of local residents due to occupation of agricultural and public land Market distortion due to temporary inputs to local economy Transfer of epidemic disease Disruption to livelihoods, cultural activities, and well being of local residents. Unsafe sex conduct by workers could bring HIV/AID risk to the local communities.
Worker’s Camp and Site Installation	Generation of significant volumes of domestic wastewater, solid waste and wastes from machine repair sites. Stockpiling of wastes and illegal dumping Contamination of land, surface water and groundwater caused by spillage and leakage from storage of hazardous materials including fuel, lubricants, chemicals, hazardous substances or hazardous wastes Water courses and agricultural land can be contaminated by wastewater and solid wastes
Earthworks, Fill Slopes, Cuts, Borrow Pits, Disposal sites, Stockpiles	Increased erosion and sedimentations caused by destroyed surface vegetation and increased soil erosion River/ canal erosion because of leakage of eroded soils Air pollution caused by: Fugitive dust emissions due to exposure of slope surface, uncovered stockpiling area, earth moving and excavation activities; Wind blow during transportation of material by vehicles and when transporting on unpaved access roads; Gases emissions from batching plants and concrete mixing stations; Air pollutant emissions from exhaust of construction equipment and vehicles. Disturbances to livelihoods, damage agriculture, aquaculture, public health, damage natural habitats and damage public structures caused by: Operation of various equipment during construction (air compressor, concrete mixers, trucks, bulldozers, excavators, etc); Vehicles transporting materials within construction site and beyond the construction boundary; Piling activities during construction of foundations / piers; Loss of topsoil affecting productive land. Land instability from exceeded earth removal or unstable deposition of spoil, leading to landslides or erosion. Discharge of construction wastes, muddy materials into watercourses, rice fields, and irrigation canals. Erosion of riverbanks, slopes, and productive land Noise and vibration generated by construction equipment and vehicle operation. Dust emissions generated by construction equipment and vehicle operation. Disturbances or damage to physical cultural resources. Damage to agricultural land and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Disposal of domestic, construction wastes and muddy materials	Landscape impact, contamination of water environment, land pollution by improper disposition of domestic and construction wastes. Air pollution by decaying domestic waste Transmission of epidemic diseases
Clearance of Construction Areas	1. Soil erosion and visual impact; 2. Loss of productive plots / trees affecting agriculture, aquaculture and natural habitats. 3. Discharging vegetation waste into water courses affecting aquatic ecosystem. 4. Discharging surplus soil, muddy and vegetation materials into rice field, rivers, and irrigation canals, impacting on water quality, aquaculture agriculture and irrigation.
Improper Re-Vegetation Planting and Site Restoration	1. Lack of appropriate compensatory planting at the end of construction or non-native species 2. Planting of species visually incompatible to the background environment; 3. Lack of proper maintenance/watering of newly planted vegetation during the post-construction period. 4. Lack of proper restoration of cleared areas, such as borrow pits, stockpiles and disposal areas, construction camp areas, areas under bridges, and any areas occupied temporarily
Discharge of Wastewater Domestic wastes from worker camps Wastewater from machine repairing sites consisted of grease and oils	The following sources of wastewaters may be discharged into the environment causing potential environmental mental and social impact Wastewater from bored piling locations. Re-suspension of bottom sediment and mud caused by cut-trench river crossings and construction of bridge foundation within rivers; Soil erosion / flush away from uncovered stockpiling locations, uncovered excavation site and unprotected slope surface during adverse weather conditions; Uncontrolled wastewater and run-off water carrying high suspended solids, turbidity is discharged directly into natural water bodies such as rivers, canals, fish ponds, causing water pollution.
Disposal of Solid Waste and Hazardous	The following source of solid, hazardous wastes may be disposed to the environment causing environmental and social impacts: Surplus excavated materials, muddy material requiring disposal due to earth moving activities and slope cutting; Disposal of used wooden boards for trenching works, scaffolding steel material, site hoarding, packaging materials, containers of fuel, lubricant and paint; Waste generated by demolition of existing houses / buildings affected by the project or breaking of existing concrete surface; Domestic solid waste generated by construction workers, kitchen, toilets, Improper disposition of hazardous wastes such as oily waste, waste lubricant, and oily contaminated materials resulting from leakage of oil and fuel. Improper handling and storage of hazardous and chemical substances and construction materials.
Work in Watercourses	Discharges of construction wastes into water courses affecting aquatic habitat and river water quality. Erosion of river banks River, canal sedimentation caused by eroded materials Discharges of oily wastes to water courses affecting water quality.
Improper Construction Site Safety	Risk of falling objects and unstable working platforms; Risk associated with equipment and traffic movements, on and off the construction sites. Impacting traffic safety and access. Impacting pedestrian safety.
Improper Community Relations	Lack of communication and consultation with local communities can lead to an opposition to a road project, delays in the construction process, increased costs and unsatisfactory solutions.