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mous brutalities. But I will never forget especially one scene, where 
half-split corpse of a 3-4 year old kid, was laid on the corpses of 
male and female. (35) 
Comparative analysis of the number of people in Shamakhi 
enables to elicit the truth on anti-Muslim policy carried out by 
the Tsarist and Bolshevik Russia. If 24 thousand families lived in 
Shamakhikhanate in 1811 and 15 thousand in Shamakhi district in 
1918, the number declined by 1700 in 1921, which prove the large-
scale atrocities committ ed in the region.  (36) 
 Those who escaped from Shamakhi massacre headed to the 
center of Goychay district. Since the survived people, suff ering 
from hunger and coldness, used the water of the so-called Garasu, 
they got caught the disease and eventually massively died. Al-
though the well-known poet of Azerbaij an Abbas Sahat survived 
the Shamakhimassacre, he suff ered from hunger and coldness, 
and ultimately he died at the same year.
Liberation of Shamakhi and Baku, secret talks of inter-
national forces with Russia against Azerbaij 
an and Tur-
key, support of leaders oft he Entente and the Union of 
Three Forces to the enemy coincide with tense situation. 
Aft er the collapse of the Baku Soviet, Sentrokaspi dictatorship, 
composed of eser-dashnak-menshevik, was established in Baku in 
August 1, 1918 with the participation of the British consul Mac-
Donel under the chairmanship of A.Arakelyan, chairman of the 
Presidium.
Arrival of the British forces with 1500 soldiers to Baku, under 
the command of the colonel Stocks and general Denstervil,with 
the invitation of the same institution in August 4 and 18 and the 
additional agreement to the Brest treaty signed between Germany 
and the Soviet Russiain August 27, 1918 prove it. Part IV of this 
agreement stipulates the following terms with regard to the Cau-

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casus: 
1) Russia will accept recognition of independent Georgia by 
Germans;
2) Germany will under no circumstances render a military as-
sistance outside the territory of Georgia and/or to the third country 
within the territory, which was defi ned by Turkish Brest -Litovsk-
treaty;
 
3) Germany will take a serious measures once any third country 
passes the borders of Shamakhi and Baku districts;
4) Russia will send to Germany one-third of the revenue of the 
extracted oil from Baku or special monthly percent of the revenue. 
(37) 
Despite these challenges, Shamakhi was liberated aft er  the 
bloody  fi ghts in Ujar, Mususllu, Goychay, Garameryem, Kurd-
amir, Akhsu in the period of June 6 and July 20, 1918. Although 
there was a severe rain in July 19, XIII forces of Caucasian Islamic 
Army liberated Shamakhi from the enemy at 6 a.m. in July 20 aft er 
they freed Goylar, Chukhanli, Malik, Chobanli and Merez villages.
Presence of one offi
  cer and four British soldiers among the hos-
tages prove that even before the establishment of Sentrokaspy dic-
tatorship and prior to the arrival of the British to Baku, British 
military rendered military assistance confi dentially to the Bolshe-
vik–Armenian forces against the Caucasian IslamicArmy. (38) 
Once the Turkish Caucasian IslamicArmy with Azerbaij ani 
military forces approached to Baku in August–September 1918, 
the Bolshevik commissar and leaders of Sentrokaspydictatorship 
stole millions of manat from the Baku bank while fl eeing. How-
ever, they failed to rob jewelry in 8 boxes and in 2 sacks. Later, 
Azerbaij ani government confi scated them, and although it was in 
a great need, it established a special commission to return the jew-
elry to their owners. (39) 
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Aft er the liberation of Baku, Azerbaij ani government addressed 
to the nation in September 17, 1918. The head of the government, 
F. Khoysky, noted in his address: “Muslims were killed, abused 
and were looted… aft er 3 days fi ght, the city was freed, people 
and army entered the city being furious … the government en-
tered the city aft er 3 days. 
Aft er the arrival of the government, the address was made on 
behalf of the Azerbaij ani government to the people in Baku and 
in its suburbs. The address specifi es that all citizens, living in 
Azerbaij an, regardless of nationality and language possess equal-
ity, and their life, property and rights will be protected, and those 
who violate the public order, will be punished.” (40) 
The address of the government once again proves that the 
Azerbaij an Democratic Republic was civil and legal state unlike 
the Bolshevik–Dashnak regime. 
N. Nerimanov wrote about the Shamakhi massacre: “aft er the 
return from Shamakh… M.Azizbeyov told me the tragedy in tears. 
Previously located armed forces of T. Amirov and S. Lalayev in 
Baku killed all Azerbaij anis regardless of age and sex; they com-
mitt ed unprecedented crime in the world, they killed children with 
a sword, and burnt people putt ing them together in the mosque. 
It became clear to me that the Soviet government depended on 
Dashnaks in Baku. Evidently, aft er all these atrocities to Azerbai-
jani population by Armenian gangs, Azerbaij ani proletariat had 
the right to receive assistance from Turkey and from national bour-
geoisie and showing its backside to the Soviet government.” (41) 
During the Azerbaij an Democratic Republic (May 1918–April 
1920) March 31of 1919 and 1920 was marked as a National Mourn-
ing day. Numerous terrible facts were presented in “Azerbaij an” 
newspaper, published in this period, on Armenian atrocities to 
Azerbaij anis. The witness of these horrible days, German A. Y. 

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