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3.3. Typology of Grammatical Categories in English and
Native Languages
A grammatical category isa system opposed to each other grammatical
forms with similar values. Members of the same grammatical category are the
general grammatical meaning and differ in connotation.
Grammatical categories are subdivided into morphological and syntactic.
Among the morphological categories are distinguished, for example, the kind of
grammatical categories, tense, mood, person, gender, number, case; consistent
expression of these categories are characterized by the whole grammatical word
classes (parts of speech).
Grammatical categories in different languages with a strong word formation,
ie such members can be represented by the forms of the same word within its
paradigm (for example, in the Russian language - the tense, the inclination, the
number of the verb, number, case, gender adjectives degrees of comparison).
Word changing, ie such that the members can not be represented forms of
the same word (for example, in the Russian language - the genus and
animation/inanimation nouns).
Also, grammatical categoriesare distinguished as:
revealed a syntactically (relational), i.e. pointing especially to the
combinability of the forms as part of the phrase or sentence (for example, in the
Russian language - gender, case)
non-syntactical detected (referential, nominative), ie expressed primarily
different semantic abstraction, abstracted from properties,
connections and relationships extralinguistic reality (for example, in the
Russian language - the kind of time)
Such grammatical categoryas for example, the number or the person can
combine features of both these types.
According toDr. Buranov, grammatical categories can be divided into two:
grammatical macrocategories or primary grammatical categories (the term
suggested by Aristotle);
Grammatical microcategories orsecondary grammatical categories (the term
suggested by Aristotle).
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