Topics for self-study
Criteria of connection of words in word combinations.
Syntactic connection in compared languages.
Different definitions of the term “sentence”.
Classification of the sentence due to different criteria.
LIST OF THE KEY WORDS OF UNDERSTANDING THE COURSE OF COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF ENGLISH AND NATIVE LANGUAGES
Typology of syntactic level of English and Native Language
Syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, specifically word order. The term syntax is also used to refer to the study of such principles and processes.[3] The goal of many syntacticians is to discover the syntactic rules common to all languages.
Syntactic typology is concerned with discovering cross-linguistic patterns in the formation of particular constructions, whether those constructions are phrasal, clausal, or sentential.
Nominative language is a language where the single argument of an intransitive verb and the agent of a transitive verb (both called the subject) are treated alike and kept distinct from the object of a transitive verb.
Ergative language is a language in which the single argument ("subject") of an intransitive verb behaves like the object of a transitive verb, and differently from the agent ("subject") of a transitive verb. For instance, instead of saying "she moved" and "I moved her", speakers of an ergative language would say the equivalent of "she moved" and "by me moved she".
Word order in linguistics typically refers to the order of subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in a sentence. The arrangement of words in a phrase, clause, or sentence. In many languages, including English, word order plays an important part in determining meanings expressed in other languages by inflections.
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