Molekuláris bionika és infobionika szakok tananyagának komplex

In Chapter 11 we detail the three approach-

es  (brute  force,  clique  search,  and  heuristic 

search) for solving the motif finding problem. 

This serves a good opportunity to compare the 

execution times of the different solutions. 

Finally, in the twelfth chapter we introduce 

the morphological and molecular phylogenet-

ics, and then we present three algorithms us-

ing  different  methods  (parsimony,  distance-

based and likelihood-based). 

III.

T

EACHING 

M

ETHODS

The slides of these chapters can be present-

ed  during  lectures,  and  then  we  recommend 

the  following  additional  lab  and/or  home 

works:



Short  exercises  (e.g.  pair-wise  se-

quence alignment). 



So-called  “weblems”  which  are  using 

some  sophisticated  tools  that  are  to 

process  some  biological  archives  and

 available free over the internet. Typi-

cally, you do not need to install these 

tools, but rather the calculation can be 

run through directly a web interface. 

A couple of final warnings for the instruc-

tors:



A serious problem with the web is that 

sites  come  and  go,  therefore  –  even 

though  our  slides  provide  exact  tool-

websites  –  you  should  check  the  best 

available tools and archive sites for the 

exercises at the time when the course 

is given. 



Bioinformatics  is  an  extremely  fast 

growing  field,  so  when  you  use  this 

material for teaching, check all numer-

ical  data  mentioned  on  the  slides,  be-

cause  some  might  get  completely  out 

of date and needs to be updated before 

the slides are presented. 

13

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15

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15

Introduction to Electrical Measurements 

György Cserey, András Oláh, Attila Tihanyi 

Pázmány Péter Catholic University 

Faculty of Information Technology 

Budapest, Hungary 

[cserey,olaha,tihanyia]@itk.ppke.hu 

Summary — In this document, a brief sum-

mary of the educational material for the elec-

trical measurements course is presented. The 

presented material gives a general engineering 

overview for the new students of bionics, in-

formation technology and engineering about 

electrical measurements among their profes-

sional subjects. This develops their approach as 

engineers and inspires the study of the basic 

courses at a high standard. 

Keywords - biological and medical measure-

ments; measurement of voltage, current, time 

and frequency; signal processing; GPS; net-

works and systems; semiconductor basics; non-

linear resistive networks; logic and binary sys-

tems; microcontrollers; 

I.

I

NTRODUCTION

The  students  studying  engineering  and  the 

adjoining  areas  of  engineering  are  mainly 

studying  theoretical,  basic  subjects  in  the 

course  of  their  first  few  semesters.  The 

knowledge  that  they  need  in  the  engineering 

practice  and  in  their  later  work  will  be  ac-

quired in the course of subsequent semesters. 

The  drawback  of  this  is  first  of  all  that  they 

encounter their first engineering problem rela-

tively  late,  thereby  they  cannot  face  their 

choice of profession early enough, and a pos-

sible change of studies will result in the loss 

of  years.  Second,  the  basic  subjects  often 

seem to be too tiresome, leaving the students 

unmotivated. The goal of the electrical meas-

urements  course  is  to  give  a  satisfying  solu-

tion  to  both  of  these  problems.  It  may  help 

students  make  a  mature  decision  about  their 

choice of profession, giving them information 

about their choice and helping them decide if 

they  are  fit  for  the  engineering  work.  At  the 

same  time,  it  presents  the  range  of  bionics, 

engineering  and  information  technology  that 

students will encounter later on. The overview 

and  experimenting  may  be  inspiring,  giving 

endurance  for  the  high  standard  learning  of 

the basic subjects. 

In  several  universities  of  the  USA,  there 

are introductory subjects that serve as the first 

steps towards an engineering approach, while 

giving  an  overview  of  the  problems  of  the 

specific areas of engineering. The subject pre-

sented  here  wants  to  satisfy  this  function  as 

well. 

A.

Highschool background 

Basically,  this  subject  sets  two  prerequi-

sites for students: knowledge of mathematics 

and  physics.  The  learning  of  these  is  set  for 

the  first  semester,  and  an  additional  physics 

revision is also compulsory. 

II.

M

ETHODS

The  goal  of  the  electrical  measurements 

course and material is to give a general view 

of  the  basic  theory  and  practice  of  electrical 

engineering  to  the  bionics  and  information 

technology  students  who  enter  university, 

moreover,  without  exaggeration,  they  can 

catch  a  glimpse  of  the  whole  of  information 

technology, electrical engineering and bionics. 

The  novelty  of  this  material  can  be  found  in 

this fact: it breaks away from the concept that 

each  and  every  scientific  area  should  be  dis-

cussed  in  detail  for  1,  2  or  3  semesters,  and 

the whole knowledge is put together at the end 

of  the  3-5  year  training.  Instead,  it  aims  at  a 

---