Bonuses
1. Bonus: He ran effectively unopposed in his congressional district, getting 99% of the vote. For ten points each:
[10] Name this current Republican Speaker of the House.
ANSWER: John Andrew Boehner
[10] John Boehner is from the 8th Congressional District in this state, whose senators include Rob Portman and Sherrod Brown. The auto industry bailout helped Obama win this state’s 18 electoral votes in the 2012 election.
ANSWER: Ohio
[10] This Democrat from Ohio lost his seat in the House to Marcy Kaptur due to legislative redistricting. Earlier, he sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 2008 and attempted to impeach Dick Cheney in 2007.
ANSWER: Dennis John Kucinich
2. Bonus: His ballet, Billy the Kid, opens with “The Open Prairie” song. For ten points each:
[10] Name this composer of American folk music whose “Hoedown” is featured in the Rodeo ballet. He may be better known for working with Martha Graham to compose Appalachian Spring.
ANSWER: Aaron Copland
[10] Copland also wrote this piece in response to US involvement in World War Two. Its title was inspired by Vice President Wallace, who remarked that it was the “Century” of the title figure.
ANSWER: Fanfare for the Common Man
[10] This dance song was written in a Shaker community by Elder Joseph Brackett. Its theme was used in the seventh section of Copland’s Appalachian Spring.
ANSWER: Simple Gifts
3. Bonus: Le Chatelier’s principle can be applied to predict how these systems respond to change. For ten points each:
[10] Identify this state in which the forward and reverse reactions proceed at the same rate.
ANSWER: chemical equilibrium [accept “dynamic equilibrium”]
[10] These substances increase the speed at which a system obtains equilibrium, but does not ultimately affect the equilibrium concentration.
ANSWER: catalysts
[10] These catalysts differ in phase from the reactants, such as a solid interacting with a gaseous reactant. Notable examples include Ziegler-Natta catalysts, Raney nickel, and iron oxide in the Haber-Bosch process.
ANSWER: heterogenous catalysts
4. Bonus: It begins by referencing the fictional author Monsieur Aubépine. For ten points each:
[10] Identify this short story in which Giovanni Guasconti disregards Professor Pietro Baglioni by pursuing a relationship with Beatrice, who is poisonous after having been confined to a garden of poisonous plants.
ANSWER: “Rappaccini’s Daughter”
[10] The author of “Rappaccini’s Daughter” also wrote this novel, in which Roger Chillingworth is the husband of a woman who had an affair with Arthur Dimmsdale.
ANSWER: The Scarlet Letter
[10] Both “Rappaccini’s Daughter” and The Scarlet Letter were written by this 19th century American author.
ANSWER: Nathaniel Hawthorne
5. Bonus: This quantity rises due to the law of diminishing returns. For ten points each:
[10] Name this quantity whose curve intersects with the average total cost curve at its lowest point. Profit-maximizing firms seek to produce at the point where the curve of this quantity intersects with the marginal revenue curve.
ANSWER: marginal cost [or MC; prompt on “cost”; do not accept or prompt on “opportunity cost”]
[10] While these firms produce where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, they increase the price to a point on the demand curve. These firms are the sole supplier of a good, and John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil was one of them.
ANSWER: monopoly [do NOT accept or prompt "monopsony"]
[10] In these markets, the marginal cost curve, average total cost curve, and marginal revenue curve all intersect at one point in long-term equilibrium. These markets are characterized by many suppliers of undifferentiated goods.
ANSWER: perfectly competitive market [or perfect competition; prompt on “competition”]
6. Bonus: Green cords lie close to the legs of the central figure of this work. For ten points each:
[10] Identify this painting which shows a black man wearing beige-colored shorts, who helplessly sits on a white boat while surrounded by several sharks.
ANSWER: The Gulf Stream
[10] This artist painted The Gulf Stream and a work which depicts several children holding hands in a field in front of a red house, Snap-the-Whip.
ANSWER: Winslow Homer
[10] Winslow Homer was inspired to paint The Gulf Stream by a similar work from this other artist, who painted Watson and the Shark. He is also known for painting The Death of Major Peirson and a portrait of Samuel Adams.
ANSWER: John Singleton Copley
7. Bonus: During the Seventh Crusade, Louis IX landed at this country’s city of Damietta. For ten points each:
[10] Identify this country that also saw Horatio Nelson’s fleet win the Battle of the Nile, thereby forcing Napoleon out of Cairo.
ANSWER: Arab Republic of Egypt
[10] Two WWII battles were fought at this Egyptian site in 1942. The first battle saw Claude Auchinleck halt the advance of Axis forces, and the arrival of Bernard Montgomery resulted in an Allied victory in the second battle.
ANSWER: El Alamein [or Al'Alameen]
[10] The German commander at both battles of El Alamein was this “Desert Fox,” who was later forced to commit suicide after being implicated in a plot to assassinate Hitler.
ANSWER: Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel
8. Bonus: This god established the Pythian Games after killing a gigantic snake. For ten points each:
[10] Identify this son of Leto and Zeus, who was the Greek god of light, music, and medicine.
ANSWER: Phoebus Apollo
[10] This son of Apollo worked as a renowned healer until Zeus struck him with a thunderbolt for resurrecting Theseus’s son Hippolytus. In revenge, Apollo slew the Cyclopes who made the thunderbolts that killed this man.
ANSWER: Asclepius [or Aesculapius]
[10] Asclepius attained the power of resurrection after this goddess gave him a vial of Gorgon blood. This daughter of Metis cast the deciding vote in a trial that acquitted Orestes of matricide.
ANSWER: Pallas Athena [or Athena Parthenos]
9. Bonus: It is the source for new basalt formations along mid-ocean ridges. For ten points each:
[10] Identify this ductile region of the Earth, lying below the lithosphere, which is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates.
ANSWER: asthenosphere [prompt on “upper mantle,” but DON'T give this away]
[10] The asthenosphere comprises the uppermost region of this other layer of the Earth. It constitutes 84% of Earth’s volume and surrounds the core.
ANSWER: mantle
[10] The source of plate tectonics lies in these type of currents flowing in the mantle, cause by heated magma rising from the lower mantle to the upper mantle. This type of heat transfer occurs only in fluids.
ANSWER: convection
10. Bonus: This event was led in part by the Armed Forces Movement. For ten points each:
[10] Name this peaceful event begun on the 25th of April, which resulted in the brief presidency of Antonio de Spinola and the renaming of the Salazar Bridge.
ANSWER: Carnation Revolution [or Revolução dos Cravos]
[10] The Carnation Revolution began in Lisbon and ended the Estado Novo of this Iberian country, which had long been ruled by Antonio Salazar.
ANSWER: Portugal [accept Portuguese Republic or República Portuguesa]
[10] Another Estado Novo was established by Getulio Vargas in this South American country. Vargas helped industrialize this country during his presidency.
ANSWER: Federal Republic of Brazil [or República Federativa do Brasil]
11. Bonus: He pleaded with God to not destroy Sodom if ten righteous people could be found. For ten points each:
[10] Name this patriarch who was told to sacrifice his son Isaac as a test of his faith.
ANSWER: Abraham [accept Ibrahim or Abram]
[10] Abraham’s first son, Ishmael, was born after Abraham lay with this handmaiden.
ANSWER: Hagar [or Hājar]
[10] This wife of Abraham gave birth to Isaac and ordered her husband to send Hagar and Ishmael away. While in Egypt, Abraham claimed that this woman was his sister.
ANSWER: Sarah [accept Sara or Sarai]
12. Bonus: Three of these expressions are featured in Lagrange’s formula, which can be used to simplify the curl of their namesake functions. For ten points each:
[10] Identify these mathematical constructs with both magnitude and direction, typically represented by a single row or with i/j notation.
ANSWER: vectors
[10] This operation takes two vectors and returns a single value. It is equivalent to multiplying the magnitude of the vectors by the cosine of the angle between them, which is essentially multiplying the parallel components.
ANSWER: dot product or scalar product or inner product
[10] If the dot product between two vectors equals zero, then the two vectors have this property.
ANSWER: orthogonal [accept “perpendicular”]
13. Bonus: The brothers Alfred and William oversaw their design and construction. For ten points each:
[10] Give the name of these planned suburban communities, many of which were built in the 1940’s and 50’s. The homogeneity of these communities were symbolic of post-World War II mass-produced suburbs.
ANSWER: Levittowns [accept William Levitt, Alfred Levitt, or Levitt & Sons]
[10] The expansion of suburbs spurred a “flight” of these people from the cities that left a large number of African-Americans stranded in urban areas. Levittowns drew controversy for only leasing to people of this race.
ANSWER: white people [accept white flight]
[10] The first Levittown was constructed in Nassau County in this state. Other suburban communities in this state include Great Neck, Piermont, and Bronxville.
ANSWER: New York
14. Bonus: He is unable to speak to women without drinking alcohol. For ten points each:
[10] Name this Indian particle astrophysicist played by actor Kunal Nayyar, whose best friend is Howard Wolowitz and whose sister Priya briefly developed a relationship with Leonard Hofstadter.
ANSWER: Dr. Rajesh Ramayan “Raj” Koothrappali [accept any underlined portion]
[10] Raj is a character in this CBS sitcom centering on the Star-Trek fan and theoretical physicist Sheldon Cooper, who is Leonard’s roommate and Penny’s neighbor.
ANSWER: The Big Bang Theory
[10] This neuroscientist in The Big Bang Theory develops a “Relationship Agreement” with Sheldon Cooper. She enthusiastically serves as Bernadette’s Maid of Honor during her marriage to Howard.
ANSWER: Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler [accept either underlined portion]
15. Bonus: Photons are shown as a wave on these plots, while fermions such as quarks are represented by straight lines. For ten points each:
[10] Identify these pictorial diagrams that model the behavior of subatomic particles, named after an American physicist.
ANSWER: Feynman-Dyson diagrams
[10] These bosons are shown as a spiral helix on Feynman diagrams. They have color charge and mediate the strong force.
ANSWER: gluons
[10] Photons are produced during annihilation when electrons collide with positrons, which are these types of particles denoted by an overline. Compared to their regular counterparts, they have equal mass, but opposite charge.
ANSWER: antimatter [accept antiparticle]
16. Bonus: Like the related Aymaras, the women of this ethnic group often wear bowler hats. For ten points each:
[10] Identify this ethnic group that is indigenous to the Andes. The language of this ethnic group was used by the Incans to record messages on quipus.
ANSWER: Quechua [accept more specific groups such as Runakuna, Kichwas, or Ingas]
[10] The men of the Quechua people often wear these garments on their upper body. These pieces of fabric were also worn by gauchos and people seeking to keep dry from the rain.
ANSWER: ponchos [or punchu]
[10] Ponchos are traditionally made from the wool of sheep, alpacas, or this other domesticated species of the Andes. During Incan times, these animals could not be hunted, and instead were sacrificed in large numbers.
ANSWER: llamas
17. Bonus: The pharaohs of the 25th dynasty of Egypt originated from a kingdom in this country. For ten points each:
[10] Identify this modern-day country home to the sites of the ancient cities of Napata and Meroe, which were both capitals of the Kingdom of Kush. Egypt also made use of the Nubian gold mines in this country’s north.
ANSWER: Republic of Sudan
[10] Kush was eventually conquered in the 4th century CE by this rival Ethiopian kingdom. Its ruler Ezana made a notable religious conversion under the tutelage of Frumentius.
ANSWER: Kingdom of Axum [or Axumite Kingdom]
[10] Frumentius later became the first Bishop of Axum and was canonized for introducing this religion to Ethiopia.
ANSWER: Christianity [accept more specific answers like Catholicism]
19. Bonus: After meeting P.R. Deltoid, the protagonist of this work rapes a pair of ten-year old girls. For ten points each:
[10] Identify this novel written partially in Nadsat in which Alex DeLarge leads his droogs, including Dim, Georgie, and Pete, into acts of “ultra-violence.”
ANSWER: A Clockwork Orange
[10] This English author and linguist wrote A Clockwork Orange. He also wrote a novel in which Kenneth Toomey receives a message from the archbishop on his 81st birthday, Earthly Powers.
ANSWER: John Anthony Burgess [or John Wilson]
[10] In A Clockwork Orange, Alex undergoes this type of aversion therapy after which any thought of violence makes him nauseate. An unintentional result of this procedure is that he cannot listen to classical music as well.
ANSWER: the Ludovico technique
19. Bonus: Classes within this phylum include Cubozoa and Anthozoa. For ten points each:
[10] Name this phylum that includes jellyfish and sea anemones.
ANSWER: Cnidaria [prompt on “Coelenterata”]
[10] These members of class Anthozoa secrete calcium carbonate exoskeletons and sometimes get energy from algae called zooxanthellae. The rise in the temperature of ocean waters is causing a “bleaching” of these animals.
ANSWER: corals
[10] Corals and sea anemones are perpetually in this form of cnidarian development, which can be thought of as an inverted medusa. Some jellyfish have this type of body when young, and later develop into the medusa shape.
ANSWER: polyps
20. Bonus: It talks of a woman who has “The smiles that win” and “the tints that glow.” For ten points each:
[10] Name this poem, whose title action is performed “like the night/ Of cloudless climes and starry skies” by a woman whose “love is innocent.”
ANSWER: “She Walks in Beauty”
[10] “She Walks in Beauty” is a poem by this Romantic poet who also wrote Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage and Don Juan. He famously died during the Greek War of Independence.
ANSWER: Lord George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron
[10] This other Romantic poet compared death to “pleasant dreams” in “Thanatopsis” and about the nature of guidance in “To a Waterfowl.”
ANSWER: William Cullen Bryant
21. Bonus: One of his poems asks, “Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the Angelic Orders?” For ten points each:
[10] Name this poet who wrote the Sonnets to Orpheus and a collection of ten poems called the Duino Elegies.
ANSWER: René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef “Rainer” Maria Rilke
[10] This “Sturm und Drang” poet also wrote about Greek mythology in “The Gods of Greece” and wrote the poem Ode to Joy, which Beethoven would later use in his 9th symphony.
ANSWER: Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller
[10] Both Rainer Maria Rilke and Friedrich von Schiller wrote in this language, which was also used by the Grimm Brothers in their popular folk tales such as “Hansel and Gretel” and “Snow White.”
ANSWER: the German language [or Deutsche Sprache]
22. Bonus: It activates G protein-coupled receptors, which then trigger a cascade that results in the breakdown of glycogen. For ten points each:
[10] Name this hormone which contributes to the fight-or-flight response by increasing the heart rate.
ANSWER: adrenaline or epinephrine [do not accept “noradrenaline” or “norepinephrine”]
[10] Like adrenaline, cortisol is also produced in response to stress. This "master gland" that produces HGH is also responsible for producing ACTH to stimulate cortisol production.
ANSWER: pituitary gland [accept hypophysis]
[10] ACTH is an example of this type of hormone, since it stimulates the production cortisol, another hormone.
ANSWER: tropic hormones [prompt on “adrenocorticotropic”]