230
A. I. Danilov, V. E. Lagun, A. V. Klepikov
The air temperature and snow accumulation rate variability near Vostok sta‑
tion vicinity have been obtained for the last 350 years in [100] based on data of
interdisciplinary research in snow pits and on snow cores samples. The correla‑
tion of these parameter with Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation indi‑
ces has been shown in [100].
The comprehensive Russian Antarctic Mirny Observatory upper-air radio‑
sounding system metadata and assessment of the upper‑air soundings time‑series
homogeneity over the total observation period are presented in [101].
The aerosol optical depth, aerosol Ångström’s exponent and actinometrical
measurements results obtained after 2000 at the Russian polar stations are pre‑
sented in [102].
The comparative study of stable-stratified atmospheric surface layer turbulent
energy — mass transfer processes parameterizations is executed in [103] based
on the calculations of turbulent sensible heat flux with data of profile measure‑
ments carried out on the Antarctic ice drifting station “Ice Camp Weddell-1”. The
surface layer fluxes estimations [103] are demonstrated that the use of different
parameterizations give almost identical results. [103]
Simple model describing changes in the total balance of
the ice sheet mass
due to global climate change is developed in [104]. A nonlinear analytical de‑
pendence of the ice sheet thickness on the global near-surface temperature is
obtained for estimation of the critical level in global warming, in excess of which
the regime of the Antarctic ice sheet gain due to snow accumulation changes to
sheet degradation due to more intense growth in ice melting [104].
Regional peculiarities of meteorological conditions of Antarctica on the ex‑
ample of the Schirmacher oasis are considered in [105–108]. Schirmacher oasis
(located at the periphery of east Antarctica) experiences impact of the severe
katabatic winds flowing from the interior of the continent towards the periphery
and the induction of warm, moist air associated with the moving cyclones along
the east coast of Antarctica. An unusual atmospheric warming (surface air tem‑
perature reached +12 °C) observed at the two closely located stations (Russian
Novolazarevskaya station and Indian Maitri station) during February 1996 has
been investigated by a number of complementary atmospheric techniques in
[106–107]. This unusually high temperature has been investigated as a wide
spread warming over the east Antarctic region, which was caused by the induc‑
tion of warm, humid oceanic air around the Japan Syowa station under a block‑
ing polar high [106].
The Solar wind influence on atmospheric processes in Antarctic winter sea‑
son is described in [109].
One of the most important science advances of the 2007/08 International
Polar Year is that a large amount of new knowledge about the changes in the
polar regions has created favorable conditions for the transition from research to
231
Polar
Meteorology
services to improve the different forecasts in the Arctic and Antarctic. As part of
the legacy of the IPY2007/08, the World Meteorological Organization has
formed an international expert group to develop the concept of the International
Polar Partnership Initiative (IPPI) [110]. IPPI proposes a joint plan of activities
that unifies observations, research, and services and focuses them on socially
important issues. Thus IPI should not be viewed simply as a new research fol‑
low-on of IPY2007/08. It is a genuine attempt, using the IPY experience, to
maximize the return on investment into polar activities through coordination and
cooperation of existing initiatives and proposing new ones only if they are abso‑
lutely necessary [110]. Integration of research, observation, services, and gov‑
ernance remains a major task for the future. An observing system would have
more chances to be resourced and sustained if there was a clearer understanding
how the observations would be used and what would
be their value for services
and society. IPPI is a new platform for improved polar cooperation and coordi‑
nation, for agencies and for nations. Focus on planning implies some top-down
character of this initiative but it does not preclude bottom-up scientific research,
which should comprise a large and important part of IPPI. The balance between
top-down and bottom-up approaches can be achieved through proactive partici‑
pation in IPPI of funding agencies. IPI will help them to issue calls for research
proposals that respond to the expressed interests of scientists and at the same time
support topics of relevance for their countries and society at large [110].
References
1. Meteorological and geophysical researches. Series: Contribution of Russia
to International Polar Year 2007/08. Ed. Alekseev G. V., Paulsen Editions. Moscow –
Saint-Petersburg. 2011. 349 p.
2. Dmitriev V. G., Danilov A. I., Klepikov A. V., Kotlyakov V. M., Sarukhan‑
yan E. I., Zaytseva N. A. On the publication of the scientific series “Contribution of Rus‑
sia to international polar year 2007/08”. The Arctic: ecology and economy. 2012. No 3
(7), p. 54–61.
3. Alekseev G. V. Introduction: About «Meteorological and geophysical research‑
es» direction works. In «Meteorological and geophysical researches». 2011, p. 3–5.
4. Alekseev G. V., Ivanov N. E., A. V. Pnyushkov, N. E. Kharlanenkova. Climate
change in the marine Arctic in the beginning of 21s century. Ibid p. 6–25.
5. Makshtas A. P., Bolshakova I. I., Gunn R. M., Jukova O. L., Ivanov N. E., Shuti‑
lin S. V. Climate of Hydrometeorological observatory Tiksi region. Ibid p. 49–74.
6. Svyashchennikov P. N., Ivanov B. V., Bocharov P. V., Juravski D. M., Ti‑
machev V. F., Semenov A. V., Soldatova T. A., Antsiferova A. R. Investigations of radia‑
tion climatic factors and meteorological regime of Spitsbergen archipelago. Ibid p. 75–82.