Giant mining enterprises of the world

DRILLING EQUIPMENT . The main ways of development of drilling equipment in the CIS are: hydrofication of the drives of the main mechanisms; automation of main and auxiliary drilling operations and optimization of drilling parameters; for enterprises of the North-Western and Siberian regions, Kazakhstan (rocks of medium drillability categories) - optional diesel drive; for enterprises of the Central region, Ukraine (rocks of high drillability categories) - equipped with a modern electric drive.
EXCAVATION AND LOADING EQUIPMENT . The analysis shows that over the past five years, the use of foreign-made hydraulic excavators has increased in iron ore mining. This choice is associated not only with their technological advantages (mobility, the possibility of selective excavation and bottom scooping, etc.), but also with the fact that Russian manufacturers do not have quarry shovels with a bucket capacity of more than 15 m3 with operating experience at iron ore enterprises. .
ROAD TRANSPORT OF QUARRYERS . Today, about 75% of the fleet of technological dump trucks of iron ore enterprises have a load capacity of more than 120 tons. For the dump truck to operate efficiently, it must be loaded with an excavator into 3-5 buckets. The faces of iron ore quarries have IV-V categories of rock mass excavatability. For the bulk of the fleet of dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 120-136 tons, used in iron ore mining, the most efficient would be an excavator with a bucket of 18 m3. It loads into 3-4 buckets. Most excavators (the bucket capacity of an average excavator is less than 10 m3) do not correspond to the load capacity of the dump trucks used.
It is possible to increase the productivity of dump trucks and the efficiency of their use by switching to the operation of excavators with a higher bucket capacity. The future use of high-capacity dump trucks (320-360 tons) in powerful quarries necessitates the creation of a domestic excavator with a bucket capacity of about 50 m3.

4. 
   INNOVATION.
   

From the point of view of innovative development, the mining engineering sector is at the stage of technological maturity. Therefore, most innovative developments are carried out in the research of new materials, improvement of control systems and computer technologies.
Technological innovations are usually aimed at increasing productivity and improving occupational safety. The dangers of underground mining have led underground mining equipment developers to create remote control systems and automated mining systems. Such systems can reduce production costs, increase productivity and worker safety.
Thus, the prospects for the development of underground geotechnology of ore deposits are associated with the need to solve two key problems: reducing the competitive level of costs for mining and moving the ore mass from the face to the surface, increasing the qualitative and quantitative indicators of extraction.
The issue of transferring enrichment production to underground workings is still relevant, which will reduce the cost of lifting the rock mass to the surface, and place enrichment waste in the mined-out space.
Technological improvements have also been made for surface mining operations, where remote control and automated systems are also being used extensively. Thus, when working with drill hammers, automated systems are used to regulate the speed and movement of the drill. Mining excavators have built-in microprocessors that transmit information and record data. Due to the fact that they can be attached to existing equipment, these technologies have been adopted by many manufacturers in developed countries.
Another industry first was the mining truck control system developed by Caterpillar. The advantages of such a robotic dump truck, which does not require a driver, are the following: lower costs, uninterrupted operation and operation in remote and hard-to-reach fields, such as in northern Canada, where it is difficult to find and deliver a driver to the site itself. Caterpillar's development was one of several developments of robotic mining trucks around the world.
Other improvements in mining equipment in the late 2000s include wireless sensors such as the Air-Eagle SR Transmitter developed by BWI Eagle Inc. The sensor was approved for underground mining in 2008. It can receive a signal at a distance of up to 300 meters and is used to monitor underground equipment

5. 
   WORLD MARKET - RAW MATERIALS AND MATERIALS.
   

The mining engineering sector uses a variety of resources to produce products. Section mills for shaped products made from carbon alloys, stainless steel, copper and aluminum are among the most used. Castings of gray and ductile iron, steel, aluminum, copper and hot stampings of iron and steel are also the main types of materials consumed by the sector. Fabricated metal structures, gearboxes, high-speed industrial drives and roller bearings are also an important category of materials used in the industry.
Below are the main types of costs using the example of the mining and engineering sector in China. The example of China is relevant due to the active development of this sector of the economy in China and the presence of a wide range of equipment produced by Chinese enterprises.
The main types of costs in mining mechanical engineering using the example of costs in mining mechanical engineering in China:

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  labor resources
  
• 
  iron and steel
  
• 
  mechanical engineering products
  
• 
  metal castings
  
• 
  power supply
  
• 
  generators, electric motors, transformers
  
• 
  rubber products
  
• 
  electronic components, valves, pipes
  
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  pumps, compressors, taps
  
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  other.
  

According to The Freedonia Group, 2008, crushing, grinding, screening equipment, along with spare parts and components, is one of the largest categories of mining equipment produced - 23%.
Major mining equipment exporting countries:

• 
  China
  
• 
  USA
  
• 
  Germany
  
• 
  Sweden
  
• 
  Italy
  
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  Finland
  
• 
  Canada
  
• 
  Japan
  
• 
  Belgium
  
• 
  France.