Welcome to Mr Aslanov’s Lessons
QUESTION-TYPE BASED TESTS
Aslanovs_Lessons
TEST 1
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A New Ice Age
William Curry is a serious, sober climate scientist, not an art critic. But he
has spent a lot of time
perusing Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze’s famous painting “George Washington Crossing the Delaware”, which
depicts a boatload of colonial American soldiers making their way to attack English and Hessian troops the
day after Christmas in 1776. “Most people think these other guys in the boat are rowing, but they are
actually pushing the ice away,” says Curry, tapping his finger on a reproduction of the painting. Sure
enough, the lead oarsman is bashing the frozen river with his boot. “I grew up in Philadelphia.
The place in this painting is 30 minutes away by car. I can tell you, this kind of thing just doesn’t
happen anymore.” But it may again soon. And ice-choked scenes, similar to those immortalised by the 16th-
century Flemish painter Pieter Brueghel the Elder, may also return to Europe. His works, including the 1565
masterpiece “Hunters in the Snow”, make the now-temperate European landscapes look more like Lapland.
Such frigid settings were commonplace during a period dating roughly from 1300 to 1850 because much of
North America and Europe was in the throes of a little ice age. And now there is mounting evidence that the
chill could return. A growing number of scientists believe conditions are
ripe for another prolonged
cooldown, or small ice age. While no one is predicting a brutal ice sheet like the one that covered the
Northern Hemisphere with glaciers about 12,000 years ago, the next cooling trend could drop average
temperatures 5 degrees Fahrenheit over much of the United States and 10 degrees in the Northeast, northern
Europe, and northern Asia.
“It could happen in 10 years,”
says Terrence Joyce, who chairs the Woods Hole Physical
Oceanography Department. “Once it does, it can take hundreds of years to reverse.” And he is alarmed that
Americans have yet to take the threat seriously.
A drop of 5 to 10 degrees entails much more than simply bumping up the thermostat and carrying on.
Both economically and ecologically, such quick, persistent chilling could have devastating consequences. A
2002 report titled “Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises”, produced by the
National Academy of
Sciences, pegged the cost from agricultural losses alone at $100 billion to $250 billion while also predicting
that damage to ecologies could be vast and incalculable. A grim sampler: disappearing forests, increased
housing expenses, dwindling fresh water, lower crop yields, and accelerated species extinctions.
The reason for such huge effects is simple. A quick climate change wreaks far more disruption than a
slow one. People, animals, plants, and the economies that depend on them are like rivers; says the report:
"For example, high water in a river will pose few problems until the
water runs over the bank, after which
levees can be breached and massive flooding can occur. Many biological processes undergo shifts at
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