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110
The Armenian Matter on European
Agenda
*Yonca Anzerlioglu
1461 was a milestone for Ottoman Armenians.
The Armenians who lived in Anatolia gained
nationality status just like orthodox Greeks with the
decision for establishment of Armenian patriarchate at
Istanbul by Ottoman Sultan Fatih Sultan Mehmet Khan.
Jews who lived under the administration of Ottoman
was seen as a separate nationality just like Greeks and
Armenians in the concept of Ottoman administration
system relied on a religion based nationality system.
Accordingly, those three groups that were mentioned as
111
Greek Orthodox, Armenian Gregorian and Jews could
maintain their own identity and social-cultural lives.
207
At Ottoman Government Administration, it is a
well-known fact that there were various working areas
for the Armenians that was called ‘’faithful nation’’
thanks to their loyalty to government and services in
Ottoman. There were Armenians who worked as
translators, toll collectors, architects, treasurers,
members of parliament and also the ones who worked
as the ministry of foreign affairs and ministry of state
and doctor for Ottoman Sultans. There were also
Armenians who worked as historians, poets and man of
letters. Long before Muslims who lived under Ottoman
administration met press; the first press of Armenians
was opened at 1587 in Istanbul just as Greeks’ and
Jews’.
208
Besides their taking part in the administration
system with non-Muslims’ exemption from military
service; and their place as coordinators for commercial
activities in the country, Armenians had a different
place for Muslims among the other non-Muslims.
However, what could be the reason for the starts
of an irrevocable period for Armenians who lived in
peace at the Ottoman geography for centuries? This
work will approach, how Ottoman Armenians’ emerged
from the status of ‘’faithful nation’’ as an international
issue of the foreign policy of Ottoman.
* Hacettepe University İİBF, International Relations Department Lecturer,
Prof.Dr
207
Millet sistemi için bkz. Kemal Karpat, “Millets and Nationality: The
Roots of Incogruity of Nation and the State in the Post Ottoman Era”,
Christians and Jews in The Ottoman Empire , ed. By Benjamin Braude
and Bernard Lewis, v.1, New York, t.y., ss.141-169; Salahi Sonyel,
Minorities and The Desctuction of the Ottoman Empire, TTK, Ankara,
1993; Ali Güler, Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Azınlıklar, Ankara, 2000;
Gülnihal Bozkurt, Alman-İngiliz Belgelerinin ve Siyasi Gelişmelerin
Işığında Gayri Müslim Osmanlı Vatandaşlarının Hukuki Durumu, 1839-
1914, Ankara, 1989.
208
Niyazi Berkes, Türkiye’de Çağdaşlaşma, Ankara, 2003.
112
Missionary
Activities
and
Ottoman
Armenians
Religious enlightenments that took place in
America and Britain at the 18
th
century was resulted a
birth of movement of missionary in Christian world at
19
th
century. At 1799 the Church Missionary Society of
London; at 1804 Foreign Bible Society were founded in
London. Except Britain, a missionary establishment
was founded in America at 1810 named American
Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. It is a
well-known fact that Catholic world had this policy
long before missionary activities started regarding
Protestantism.
At
19
th
century,
with
the
accelerating
colonization and race for it American and European
missioners concentrated more and set an aim that they
would make people who lived at captured places accept
the right belief. In this way, these activities of them
supported imperialism in the long term besides
religious goal. Accordingly, it can be said that, it gave a
birth to geographical discoveries, trade and the new
areas that could be invest on. Those new goals and
religious based missionary became a developing
process together.
209
Among the goals of imperialism Middle East
and Ottoman lands, beginning from the mentioned
century would be the main aim on the European
countries' agenda. In this context, the first steps of
American missioners would be seen in the different
areas of the Anatolia like İzmir, Beirut, Istanbul, Bitlis,
Diyarbakır, Harput, Mardin, Urfa, Tarsus, Adana,
Maras, Merzifon, Sivas, Trabzon and Erzurum and also
in Iran with the center Urmiye.
British missionary, between the years of 1823-
1825 after the reviews of the situation of Christians at
the geography of Mezopotamia and Iran; especially
209
James Joll, Europe Since 1870, An International History, Middlesex,
1973, s.80; Yonca Anzerlioğlu, Nasturiler, Ankara, 2000, p. 49.
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