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122 waiting the intervention of Europe for their own interest and starting an armed protest movements to establish an independent Armenian government. The could take the Balkans as an example for themselves. At the year of 1860, an association called Armenian Philanthropists Association at Istanbul. Although the goal of the association was stated to serve in the fields of financial, social and education; it was known that the real aim of the association was awakenning the national conscience among the Armenians who lived in Adana known as Cilicia. Between the years of 1870-1890 the associations called Araratlı at Van, Schoollovers at Muş, Nationalistic Women at Erzurum was founded. The foundation of BlackCross, Homeland Advocates, Revolutional Armenekan Party followed the others. The most hearded ones among those associations were the Hıncak committee founded at Switzerland at 1877 and Tasnaksutyun Party dounded at Tbilisi at 1890. 226 After that, Armenian revolts that was called ‘’Armenian Noise’ by Ottoman politicians would be the essential agenda topic for Ottoman till World War I. Under the leadershio of Tasnaksutyun and Hıncak committees providing arms for armenians, founding revolutional committees, organizing revolts and every kind of activities for discouraging state authorities were the main aims of Armenians to the way of independence. At 1894, the revolts that took place at at Sasun was followed by the rebellion at Van that was followed by the raid of Ottoman bank at the capital Istanbul. While the revolts at Zeytun and Adana took the time of Ottoman western countries supported the increase of the revolts. At 21st of July 1905 there had been a great revolt at Adana following the attempt of assasination of Sultan Abdulhamid II at 1909. 226 Taner Aslan, “ Armenian Philantropists Community (Ermeni Cemiyet-i Hayriye-i Umumiyesi)”, Armenians Researches, s:53, 2016, p.144. 123 At 1908 with the advantage of freedom came with 2nd Contitutional Monarchy declaration Armenians got stronger and provided a perfect environment for the wars at The Balkans and Tripoli. During 1877-78 Ottoman-Russia War England provided the security of Meditteranian easily but Germany’s forging close ties with Ottoman worried England because it could upset the balances at Europe. This situation would effect the blocking at the WWI and supported the convergence policy between the British and the Russian.Russia-England convergence could not be understimated for Armenians and Russia started to take care of Armenians at Eastern Anatolia and brought the issue of reform for Armenians up to the agenda. During 2nd Constitutional Monarchy, the period that Committee of Union and Progress started to be effective at administration directly; regarding this reform package to prevent the interventions of external Powers and Armenians activities, it was decided that at eastern Anatolia local administrations would be strengtened and an expert would come from England according to laws that passed at 26 March 1913 and 24 April 1913. But England’s name in this kind of reform process on her own, took the attention of especially Russia, Austria and France. As a result, with the reconcilication in the end the Ottoman’s reform programme was accepted. The agreement that was signed between Ottoman and Russia representatives in 8 february 1914 was sent as a diplomatic note to other countries 227 . When the context of the programme was reviewed it could be seen that there would be two different territories that had 2 foreign inspectors who 227 Nejla Günay, “The Effects of Yenikoy Treaty on Armenians and the Colloboration of Russia-Armenians at WWI”, akademik Bakış, C: 8, P: 16, Summer 2015. 124 was responsible for the inspection of legal and administrative attendants, police and gendermaries who were in charge at six states for five years. At those areas Armenians gained the equal right of representation on the civil servant personnel cadre and it was decided that the laws and decisions were spreaded in local language. It was an important step for Armenian language to gain formality. However, the Armenian reform that was planned to come true according to the treaty between Ottoman-Russia did not become valid because of the outbreak of World War I. Although Ottoman Empire’s warnings for Armenians to stay neutral, they became allies with Russia and revolted in Zeytun, Kayseri, Maras, Van, Bitlis, Mus and Erzurum. While Allies was trying to pass through the Bosphorus, the history witnessed to Armenians’ capturing Van at Eastern Anatolia and leaving the city to the Russian at 20 April 1915. As a result, while ‘’faithful nation’ Armenians was collaborating with Russians for the sake of independence, Ottoman Empire took the action to take the measure to prevent the situation. First of all, at 24 April 1915 the Armenian committees in Istanbul and Anatolia were shut down and the presidents of the committees were arrested. Then with a law regarding the ones who revolted against government (Vakt- ıSeferde İcraat-ı Hükumete karşı Gelenler için Cihet-i Askeriyece İttihaz olunacak Tedabir Hakkında Kanun-ı Muvakkat) it was decided the evacuation of Armenians from the areas especially from the Ottoman 3rd Army’s logistic and action points for security. 228 After all, Armenians who lived at mentioned ares were transfered to Mosul and the northern areas 228 Check for further information: Hikmet Özdemir, Yusuf Halaçoğlu, vd., Armenians Deportation and Immigration, Ankara, 2004 Yüklə 1,96 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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