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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..............................................................................................................................................2
AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................................................2
COVER PHOTO CREDIT .............................................................................................................................................2
SUMMARY OF KEY COMPONENTS FOR CONSERVATION OF LONG-BILLED CURLEW..............................3
Status..........................................................................................................................................................................3
Primary Threats..........................................................................................................................................................3
Primary Conservation Elements, Management Implications and Considerations.....................................................3
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ...............................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................................7
Goal............................................................................................................................................................................7
Scope..........................................................................................................................................................................8
Treatment of Uncertainty ...........................................................................................................................................8
Publication of Assessment on the World Wide Web ..................................................................................................8
Peer Review ...............................................................................................................................................................8
MANAGEMENT STATUS AND NATURAL HISTORY .............................................................................................8
Management Status ....................................................................................................................................................8
Existing Regulatory Mechanisms, Management Plans, and Conservation Strategies...............................................9
Laws, regulations, and management direction......................................................................................................9
Enforcement of existing laws and regulations ....................................................................................................10
Biology and Ecology................................................................................................................................................10
Systematics and species description....................................................................................................................10
Distribution and abundance.................................................................................................................................11
Population trend ..................................................................................................................................................13
Activity pattern....................................................................................................................................................13
Habitat .................................................................................................................................................................16
Habitat associations........................................................................................................................................16
Microhabitat ...................................................................................................................................................17
Territoriality....................................................................................................................................................18
Spatial patterns, landscape mosaic, juxtaposition of habitats.........................................................................18
Habitat change and causes..............................................................................................................................18
Habitat availability relative to occupied habitat.............................................................................................18
Food habits ..........................................................................................................................................................18
Breeding biology.................................................................................................................................................19
Phenology of courtship and breeding.............................................................................................................19
Courtship and breeding behavior....................................................................................................................19
Site and mate fidelity......................................................................................................................................22
Demography........................................................................................................................................................22
Genetic issues .................................................................................................................................................22
Recruitment, survival, immigration, age at reproduction...............................................................................22
Ecological influences on survival and reproduction.......................................................................................23
Spacing, defense and size of area, and population regulation........................................................................23
Dispersal.........................................................................................................................................................24
Source/sink, demographically linked populations..........................................................................................24
Factors limiting population growth ................................................................................................................24
Life cycle graph and model development ......................................................................................................25
Sensitivity analysis .........................................................................................................................................25
Elasticity analysis ...........................................................................................................................................26
Other demographic parameters.......................................................................................................................27
Stochastic model.............................................................................................................................................27
Potential refinements of the models ...............................................................................................................29
Community ecology ............................................................................................................................................29
Predators and habitat use................................................................................................................................29