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Between the extreme types of geodynamic systems (polygon and linear)
there are systems with expressed linearity can be selected, the formation and
evolution of which is conditioned by combination of horizontal and vertical
displacements of the earth’s crust. Among them there are exponents of crust
systems (edge troughs, salic volcanogenic belts, miogeosynclinals), mantle-
crust (eugeosynclinals) and mantle (belts of mantle rocks) systems. The
polygonal and linear geodynamic systems of material composition of geologic
bodies are sectioned into salic, salic-femic and femic.
On the Earth, as it was clarified in the last decades of our century, the
unique polygon geodynamic systems are represented by plate structures of
depression and subsequent elevation, are widely developed. Intensive
disconsolidation of matter crust-uppermantle stratum and global manifestation
of basic magmatism are peculiar for them.. On the continents they are
introduced rather infrequently, but vast on the areas trapp’s provinces like as
Tunguss syneclise, Кarru, Hindustan etc. On the contrary, in all ocean
depressions the immersed oceanic plates with powerful basalt’s cover are
widely spread. It is necessary to note, that during the tectonic-magmatic
evolution the stage of submergence and stabilizing of oceanic platforms,
which are accompany by areal type of basic magmatism, is replaced by the
later stage of rifting formation with particular comatiit-tholeite and tholeite
basalt volcanism (Staritsina et al., 1986).
Besides the above mentioned global and regional geodynamic systems,
there are local geodynamic systems, introduced by the structure of explosive
or impact genesis, for example, kimberlite or basalt explosion pipes,
cryptovolcans, meteoritic craters and astroblems.
3. LEGENDS TO THE METALLOGENY MAP
The present Metallogenic map of the geodynamic
systems of the
pulsating-expanding Earth (scale 1:15,000,000) is compiled on the basis of
the following published maps: 1. Geologic map of the World (1970) (scale
1:15,000,000); 2. Geodynamic map of the World (1987) (scale 1:45,000,000);
3. Map of mineral resources of continents of the World (1970) ( scale
1:15,000,000); 4. Map of solid mineral resources of the World Ocean (1991)
(scale 1:25,000,000). In addition, some other published maps and materials
have been
utilized, which are mentioned in the subtitle of the map.
The legend of the present Metallogenic map is subdivided into two parts:
I. Segregation of the
geodynamic systems and areas;
II.
Mineral
deposits, typical for each of the geodynamic system and age.
Part I of the legend holds the geodynamic systems (GDS) of different age
that have been shown on the map. They are subdivided by the scale,
thermodynamic regime of degassing protonic hydrogen out of the core,
geodynamic and tectonic movements and types of the Earth’s crust (table 4).
The geodynamic systems for the oceanic and continental segments of the
lithosphere are shown on the Memallogenic map. They are the self-regulating
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geological structures, where the processes of substantial differentiation,
energetic and structural rebuilding have arisen by cooperation of global ( core-
mantle ) and regional ( crust ) forces of the Earth.
Part II of the legend show the symbols of mineral deposits connected
with different geodynamic systems. The deposits are subdivided according
to mineral reserves into unique, large, middle and fine. On the map they are
numbered by ten-degree geodesic trapeziums and have indexes of useful
elements. The symbols of small deposits without numbers represent a large
ore displays or deposits with unknown reserves. On the separate
applications to the map, there are the lists of the titles of deposits; their
index and numbers on the map are reduced. The state’s accessory (in
alphabetic order or by ten-degree trapezoids) is indicated on the special
applications to the map.
There are the following genetic types of the deposits: magmatic, post-
magmatic, weathering, sedimentary, placer, metamorphogenic, and also oil
and fuel gas. The post-magmatic deposits are subdivided into the
hydrothermal, skarn, greisen, albitite, sulphural, telethermal and carbonatite
subtypes.
The mineral resources are sectioned into deposits of metals,
nonmetals and combustible minerals. Among metallic
mineral resources the
deposits of black metals (Fe, Mn, Ti, Cr), colored metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Sn,
Al), alloying metals (W, Ni, Co, Mo, V), infrequent metals (Nb, Ta, Li, Be,
TR, Zr), noble metals (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Os), radioactive metals (U, Th, Ra)
and small metals (Hg, Bi, As, Sb) are selected.
Chemical raw, other nonmetals and jewel stone represent the
nonmetallic mineral resources. Among chemical raw there are selected: the
phosphates ore, apatite, various salts, pyrite, fluorite and barite. From other
nonmetals there are asbestos, magnesite, graphite, icelandic spar,
muscovite, phlogopite, vermiculite, kyanite and emery are subdivided. The
jewel stones are represented by diamond, emerald, beryl, aquamarine, ruby,
sapphire, topaz, turquoise, lazurite and opal.
Stone and brown coal, fuel shale, oil and fuel gas adduce the
combustible minerals.
Among the detected mineral resources at the bottom of seas and
oceans the following ore formations are selected: magmatic (Cr, Pt, Ni,
Co), hydrothermal sulfide (Cu, Zn, Pb), hydrothermal – sedimentary
polymetal-sulfide (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb), oxidant-iron metalloferous
sediments (Fe, Mn), sedimentary iron-manganese concretions and crusts
(Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co), phosphorites (Р), sea-shore and littoral placers of
diamond, gold, platinum, cassiterite, monazite, titanic minerals and zircon.
In addition on the passive shelfs, the giant deposits of oil and combustion
gas are opened. Along the continental slope considerable accumulations of
gas-gidrates (solid phase of water and methane) are detected.