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International Conference on Molecular Spectroscopy, Białka Tatrzańska 2017
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Phase composition of copper nitride coatings examined
by the use of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy
Katarzyna Nowakowska-Langier
1
, Rafał Chodun
2
, Łukasz Kurpaska
1
,
Sebastian Okrasa
2
, Grzegorz W Strzelecki
1
, Bartosz Wicher
2
, and Krzysztof Zdunek
2
1
National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), A. Soltana 7, 05-400 Otwock, Poland,
e-mail: k.nowakowska-langier@ncbj.gov.pl
2
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141,
Warsaw, Poland
Copper nitride compounds, due to their unique properties, are very attractive and prospective
materials. Depending on the chemical composition (stoichiometry), the Cu
3
N offers a wide variety of
electronic properties, ranging from metallic- to semiconducting-like behavior. The deposition of
copper nitride coatings by plasma methods is uneasy because the copper nitride is a thermally
metastable material (the narrow range of thermodynamic stability of Cu
3
N phase, which decomposes
during heating in relatively low temperatures about of 150–430°C). According to the literature, it has
been reported that it is possible to obtain sub-, over- and stoichiometric copper nitride even when the
substrates are unheated intentionally during the coatings deposition [1, 2]. The coating material can be
composed of (i) single phase structure of Cu
3
N or supersaturated structure of Cu
3
N or (ii) two phase
coexistence e.g. Cu
3
N and additionally a pure copper or non-stoichiometric Cu
3
N supersaturated by
Cu [1, 3]. In the frame of our studies, the Cu–N layers were deposited by means of the pulsed
magnetron sputtering (PMS) method [e.g. 3, 4]. The studies have been focused on the structural
characterization of copper nitride coatings deposited on unheated substrates by means of the Raman
spectroscopy as well as the X-ray diffraction and the SEM observations. Based on these studies,
especially takin into account the Raman shift as a control parameter we have been able to classify the
obtained material of the coatings in terms of its phase composition and morphology (stoichiometric,
saturated, fine-grained, nanocrystalline).
Fig. 1. X-ray diffractions (left) and Raman spectra (right) of Cu3N layers.
Keywords: pulsed magnetron sputtering; copper nitride layers; Raman spectroscopy
Acknowledgment
This work was financially supported by the National Science Centre within the project
2014/15/B/ST8/01692.
References
[1] C. Gallardo-Vega, W. de la Cruz, Applied Surface Science 252(22)(2006) 8001.
[2] J.F. Pierson,Vacuum 66(1) (2002) 59.
[3] K. Nowakowska-Langier, R.Chodun, Roman Minikayev, Lukasz Kurpaska, Lukasz Skowronski ,
G.W. Strzelecki, Sebastian Okrasa, Krzysztof Zdunek, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics
Research, Section B. (2017) - in press, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.04.070
[4] W.M. Posadowski, A. Wiatrowski, J. Dora, Z.J. Radziński, Thin Solid Films 516(14) (2008) 4478.
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International Conference on Molecular Spectroscopy, Białka Tatrzańska 2017
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SHIMADZU: one brand – many solutions
Innovative techniques for advanced spectroscopic research
Szymon Wojtyła
1
1
"SHIM-POL A.M. Borzymowski" ul. Lubomirskiego 5, 05-080 Izabelin, Poland,
e-mail: szymonw@shim-pol.pl
First Shimadzu's UV-VIS spectrophotometer, the QB-50, was completed in 1952. It used a
crystal prism as the spectral element, and a photomultiplier tube as the detector for the first time
in the world. Results of comparative tests with an American made UV-VIS spectrophotometer
showed that the QB-50 was quite sensitive at 220 nm, a wavelength that an American models
could not measure. Four years later, in 1956, the AR-275 double beam self-recording infrared
spectrophotometer was completed. The model number "275" cames from the focal length of the
collimator mirror in the monochromator. To work as long as possible spectrophotometer was
used only in a special air-conditioned room with reduced humidity. That's how it started.
Founded in 1875, Shimadzu looks back on a long history and tradition of know-how,
research and service. Meanwhile Shimadzu has a worldwide network of subsidiaries in 76
countries.
The use of spectroscopic instrumentation covers the broad range of scientific needs towards
characterization of molecular and biological systems, chemical analysis, materials science as
well as characterization of surfaces and interfaces. Application of UV-Vis absorption and
emission spectroscopy as well as spectrofluorimetry in the field of photocatalysis can be given
as an example. Zinc sulphide based photocatalysts (photoelectrocatalysts) were studied using
molecular spectroscopy methods: i) information about the chemical composition, structure, the
type and concentration of impurities and defects incorporated as well as mobility of free carriers
were investigated by Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (DRIFT) and
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) FTIR; ii) band structure of semiconductors and the
presence of additional energy states within the band gap were studied by UV-Vis
spectrophotometer equipped with integrating sphere for diffuse reflectance measurements, iii)
emission properties and the band structure were identify by using spectrofluorimetry in UV-Vis
range; iv) stability of materials and photocorrosion processes were investigated by observation
of the changes of UV-Vis absorption spectra of prepared electrodes in transmission mode, ex-
situ
or operando for biased or unbiased electrodes; v) the progress of photocatalytic and
photoelectrocatalytic reactions were observed using indirect spectroscopic methods (e.g.
detection of H
2
O
2
by method based on V
2
O
5
oxidation). In addition the quantitative and
qualitative elemental analysis were performed by EDX spectrometer. Moreover,
spectroelectrochemical (combination of electrochemical and spectroscopic tools)
characterization of electrodes composed of semiconducting materials resulted in an crucial
information such as flat band potential, (quasi-) Fermi level or thermodynamic driving force for
the photoelectrode. Mentioned proposals only scratches the surface of all possibilities of
Shimadzu instruments in spectroscopy field.
Keywords: molecular spectroscopy; material science; chemical analysis
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