ganaTlebisa da dasaqmebis faqtoris mniSvneloba axalgazrda
msjavrdebulTa reabilitaciisa da reintegraciis procesSi
41
dgom dadga misi reformirebis aucilebloba. am mxriv mniSvne-
lovani cvlilebebi ganxorcielda ukeTesobisken, Tumca warsu-
lis mankierebebidan Tavis daRweva ver moxerxda, ramac gamoZa-
xili sazogadoebaSi pova. aseTma viTarebam dRes kidev ufro aq-
tualuri gaxada da mZafrad daayena sasjelaRsrulebis siste-
mis humanizaciis sakiTxi.
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis da dasjis alternatiuli saSua-
lebebi da meTodebi, romlebic dasavlur sistemaSi deklarire-
bulia, CvenTan jerac ar damkvidrebula. aseT zomebs miekuTvne-
ba: gamosasworebeli centrebi, sapatimro saxlebi, Sinapatimro-
ba; msjavrdebulTa kanonmorCili qcevis axali principebis
SemuSaveba da danergva. ramdenadac koleqtiuri da SromiTi
aRzrdis principebi araefeqturi aRmoCnda da ver gaamarTla,
SesaZleblad miiCneva misi Canacvleba sazogadoebaSi socialu-
ri adaptaciis gziT, agreTve, socialur-fsiqologiuri muSao-
biT individualuri midgomis safuZvelze; gamosasworebeli
dawesebulebebis Riaobisa da gamWvirvalobis uzrunvelyofa.
aseTi novaciebi, organizaciul Zalisxmevasa da finansur re-
sursTan erTad, reformirebis strategiis konceptualur Semu-
Savebas moiTxovs da erTi uwyebis ZalisxmeviT ver ganxorciel-
deba.
sasjelaRsrulebiTi sistemis Zireuli reformirebis pro-
cesSi gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovnad aris miCneuli/aRiare-
buli, rom erovnuli penitenciuri sistemis normebi da praqti-
ka SesatyvisobaSi iyos saerTaSoriso standartebTan, radgan ne-
bismieri reforma saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebs unda Seesa-
bamebodes.
Tu sakiTxs istoriul WrilSi ganvixilavT, davinaxavT, rom,
jer kidev XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi, erTa ligam miiRo patimre-
bis mopyrobis wesebi (1934 w.), romelTa momzadeba, 1872 wlidan
moyolebuli, pirvel penitenciur kongresebze daiwyo. aRniSnu-
li wesebis miRebisas erTa ligam aRiara, rom `mocemuli saxel-
mwifos samarTlebrivi, sazogadoebrivi da ekonomikuri siste-
mis miuxedavad, yvela penitenciur sistemaSi~ maTi gatareba au-
cilebeli iyo. swored es wesebi daedo safuZvlad patimarTa
mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebis SemuSavebas, rome-
marina burZeniZe, marine qevxiSvili
42
lic gaeros generalurma asambleam oci wlis Semdeg miiRo da
daamtkica. marTalia, minimaluri standartebi rekomendaciebad
CaiTvala, Tumca, maT iuridiuli Zala ar hqonda. 1973 wels ev-
ropis sabWom moamzada da miiRo sakuTari evropuli sapatimro-
ebis wesebi, romlebsac ToTxmeti wlis Semdeg aqtualuri nova-
ciebi daemata.
evropuli da gaeros wesebi umravlesi normebis mixedviT
TanxvedraSia erTmaneTTan. droTa ganmavlobaSi maT Soris prio-
ritetebSi gansxvaveba gamoikveTa: gaeros wesebi xelaxali/Tavi-
dan aRzrdis, xolo evropuli — normalizaciis ideas emyareba.
2006 wlis ianvarSi evropis sabWos ministrTa kabinetma ev-
ropis penitenciuri wesebis axali redaqcia daamtkica, romel-
Sic Sevida evropuli qveynebis penitenciur sistemebSi ukanas-
kneli oci wlis ganmavlobaSi aprobirebuli Tanamedrove, axali
debulebebi. masSi prioritetulad aris miCneuli sapyrobilee-
bis Riaobis principi da gulisxmobs samoqalaqo organizaciebis
monawileobis uflebas cixis cxovrebaSi. aseve mniSvnelovania
cvlileba patimarTa Sromisadmi damokidebulebis kuTxiT da is
gulisxmobs, rom Sroma arasodes unda gamoiyenebodes sasjelis
formad (wesi 26.1). es niSnavs, rom iZulebiTi Sroma arasasurve-
lad moqmedebs adamianze, Tanac gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom gamo-
sasworebel dawesebulebebSi samuSao adgilebis mwvave defici-
tis gamo aucilebeli Sromis piroba SeiZleba ver Sesruldes.
pozitiuri unar-Cvevebis SeZena adamians sasurveli samuSaos
arCevis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia. 2006 wels miRebulma wesebis kon-
cefciam warmodgenebi sapatimros sistemis momavlis, miznebisa
da saSualebebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovnad Secvala, rac mniSvne-
lovani nabijia penitenciuri msoflmxedvelobis evoluciis
gzaze.
standartuli wesebis roli met mniSvnelobas iZens im qvey-
nebSi, sadac inergeba humanizaciisa da socialuri doqtrinebi,
romlebic msjavrdebulis sazogadoebaSi dabrunebazea orien-
tirebuli. moraluri da politikuri valdebulebebi stimuls
aZlevs qveyanas/saxelmwifos gadaxedos Tavis praqtikas da
srulyos penitenciuri sistema.
ganaTlebisa da dasaqmebis faqtoris mniSvneloba axalgazrda
msjavrdebulTa reabilitaciisa da reintegraciis procesSi
43
patimrebTan mopyrobis ZiriTadi principebi gansazRvraven,
rom maT aqvT kulturul da saganmanaTleblo saqmianobaSi mona-
wileobis ufleba, romelic pirovnebis ganviTarebas emsaxureba.
saganmanaTleblo programebis ganviTarebaSi prioritetulia
xarisxiani ganaTlebis sistema. uwignurTaTvis da axalgazrde-
bisTvis unda organizdes dawyebiTi savaldebulo ganaTleba.
amas garda, swavleba unda Seesabamebodes zogadsaxelmwifoeb-
riv ganaTlebas, raTa braldebulebma SeZlon swavlis gagrZe-
leba gaTavisuflebis Semdeg. amisaTvis maT unda SeeZloT wigne-
bis, gazeTebis SeZena, biblioTekiT sargebloba. gamosasworebe-
li dawesebulebebis administraciam ki SeZlebisdagvarad xeli
unda Seuwyos saSualo da umaRles profesiul ganaTlebas.
sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi (konkretulad, qsnis
me-15 Ria da daxuruli tipis da qalTa me-5 dawesebulebebSi) sa-
baziso da profesiuli ganaTlebis xelSewyobis mizniT 2011-
2012 wels ganxorcielda proeqti `ganaTlebisa da samuSao
SesaZleblobebis xelmisawvdomoba axalgazrda msjavrdebul-
TaTvis~, romelic aSS saxelmwifo departamentma daafinansa.
proeqtis farglebSi ganxorcielda saganmanaTleblo-profesi-
uli programebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebda msjavrdebulTa mi-
er garkveuli xelobebis dauflebas: mamakacTaTvis — mefile-
mompirkeTebeli da mebaTqaSe; qalTaTvis — artflora-dizaini,
sakomunikacio qarTuli eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis; zogadi
inglisuri damwyebTaTvis; zogadi inglisuri gaxsenebisaTvis.
programaSi 96 beneficiari monawileobda da, sabolood, is Se-
tanil iqna ganaTlebis saministros strategiaSi.
programa miznad isaxavda msjavrdebulTa unar-Cvevebis
ganviTarebas, axali profesiebis dauflebis xelSewyobas. an,
Tavis mxriv, garkveulwilad unda uzrunvelyos sasjelaRsru-
lebiTi dawesebulebis datovebis Semdeg recidivis, danaSaulis
xelaxla Cadenis albaTobis Semcireba, dasaqmebis albaTobis
zrda da sasjelmoxdil pirTa integracia sazogadoebaSi.
saswavlo da profesiuli programebis dasrulebis Semdeg
qsnis
# 15 naxevrad Ria da daxuruli tipis da # 5 qalTa patim-
robis, naxevrad Ria da daxuruli, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sere-
uli tipis dawesebulebebSi beneficiarTa Soris Catarda soci-
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