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IV. Typology of syntactic level of English and
Native languages
The syntax of a language studies the units more complicated than the word.
These are the phrase and the sentence, their combinations, types, structures of
sentences and parts of the sentences.
The Syntactic typology is engaged into acomparison of syntactic level units.
The basic units for comparison are the word-combination and the sentence.
Depending on the character of research the Syntactic typology may fall into several
sections: comparison of units of a word-combination, the level of the sentence, as
well as comparison of units of various levels with regards to their syntactic
functioning. The Syntactic typology usually compares languages on the basis of
atransformational syntax.
The word combination (phrase) is a combination of two or more notional
words syntactically related to each other and having a nominative function. And
thephrase is the smallest speech pattern and it consists of two notional words
which are grammatically and lexically connected to each other. Phrases, like
words, denote objects, phenomena, action or process. However, unlike words, they
represent them as complicated phenomena.
A sentence is an integral unit of speech having a communicative purpose; it
expresses a statement, a question or inducement. The sentence expresses
predication, i.e. shows whether the event is real or unreal, desirable or obligatory,
stated as truth or asked about, etc. The sentence can consist of one or several
notional words. In Uzbek the sentence is characterized as a smallest
communicative unit with the following features:
It has predication which consists of modality and time. It may have the
meanings of person and number.
It is addressed to a hearer.
It has a new information.
It has the speaker’s intention.
It is related to certain speech situation.
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