115
4.2.
Typology of a sentence in
English and Native
languages
It is rather difficult to define the sentence as it is connected with many
lingual and extra lingual aspects – logical, psychological and philosophical. There
are many definitions of the sentence and these definitions differ from each
otherbecause that the scientists approach from different viewpoints to this
question. Some of themconsider the sentence from the point view of phonetics,
others - from the point of view ofsemantics (the meaning of the sentence) and so
on.
Some of the definitions of a sentence are given below.
TheNotional
Definition of a Sentence: "It is sometimes said that
a sentence expresses a complete thought. This is a notional definition: it defines a
term by the notion or idea it conveys. The difficulty with this definition lies in
fixing what is meant by a 'complete thought.' There are notices, for example, that
seems to be complete in themselves but are not generally regarded as
sentences:
Exit, Danger, 50 mph speed limit.
"On the other hand, there are
sentences that clearly consist of more than one thought. Here is one relatively
simple example:
This week marks the 300th anniversary of the publication of Sir
Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, a fundamental
work for the whole of modern science and a key
influence on the philosophy of the European
Enlightenment.
Jespersen's
Definition of a Sentence:
"Traditional attempts to define the sentence were
generally either psychological or logical-analytic in
nature: the former type spoke of 'a complete
thought' or some other inaccessible psychological
phenomenon; the latter type, following Aristotle,
expected to find every sentence made up of a
logical subject and logical predicate, units that
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