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Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages universityKITOBcomparative typology of english uzbek and russian languages5.2.
Comparative analysis of English and Native languages words
Key points for discussion:
Word as a basis unit of a language
Paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of words
Semantic classification of words
Classification of words according to their structure
The main unit of the lexical system of a language resulting from the
association of a group of sounds with a meaning is a word. This unit is used in
grammatical functions characteristic of it. It is the smallest language unit which
can stand alone as a complete utterance. A word, however, can be divided into
smaller sense units - morphemes. The morpheme is the smallest meaningful
language unit.
The morpheme consists of a class of variants, allomorphs, which are either
phonologically or morphologically conditioned, e.g. please, pleasant, pleasure.
Morphemes are divided into two large groups: lexical morphemes and grammatical
(functional) morphemes. Both lexical and grammatical morphemes can be free and
bound. Free lexical morphemes are roots of words which express the lexical
meaning of the word, they coincide with the stem of simple words.
Free grammatical morphemes are function words:
articles
conjunctions
prepositions(the,with, and).
Bound lexical morphemes are affixes:
prefixes (dis-)
suffixes (-ish)
blocked (unique) root morphemes (e.g. Fri-day, cran-berry).
Word is a basic two sided and independent unit of a language. It has been
attracted the attentions of many linguists from ancient times. Thus, thewordis the
basis unit of a language, directly corresponds to the object of thought (referent)-
which is a generalized reverberation of a certain ‘slice’, ‘piece’ of objective reality
and by immediately referring to it names the thing meant. Words in all languages
can be distinguished as followings:
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