Molekuláris bionika és infobionika szakok tananyagának komplex

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Neuromorph Movement Control 

József Laczkó, Róbert Tibold 

Pázmány Péter Catholic University 

Faculty of Information Technology 

Budapest, Hungary 

[e-mail], [e-mail] 

Summary  — This educational material has 

been prepared in the frame of a project 

initiated by the European Union and the 

European Social Fund.  Development of the 

special course titled “Neuromorph Movement 

Control” is briefly summarized here.

I.

I

NTRODUCTION

Mathematical  theories  and  computer-

simulation is widely used to reveal or predict 

human  movement  patterns.  The  neuro-

musculo-skeletal  system  has  special  material, 

geometric, 

biomechanical 

and 

neural 

properties.  These  levels  of  the  human  motor 

apparatus are investigated. Studying and better 

understanding control strategies applied by the 

human  nervous  system  during  movement 

planning and movement execution is the main 

object of this course.  An important issue is to 

understand how the levels of this hierarchical 

system,  the  nervous  system,  the  muscles  and 

joints  interact  to  produce  coordinated  motion 

of limbs or other parts of the body. 

Highschool background 

The  students  must  have  knowledge  and 

ability to understand and to use mathematical 

methods  such  as  linear-  analytic-  and 

statistical- methods, and mathematical theories 

of  human  movement  control.  The  knowledge 

of Newtonian mechanics is essential and basic 

knowledge  in  neuroscience  is  also  required. 

Students who intend to work on development 

of  prosthetic  devices  and  man  machine 

interfaces are encouraged to listen the course. 

II.

R

ESULTS

The lectures are based on earlier knowledge 

in the field of human motor control research. 

Additionally  we  employed  our  own  research 

and  teaching  experience  and  show  examples 

for  solution  to  questions  arised  in  human 

motor control. It is presented, how anatomical, 

biomechanical,  physiological  parameters  of 

human  movements  can  be  measured  and 

modeled.  Furthermore  we  present  on  the 

elaborated slides, how changes of the external 

environment  affect  movement  performance. 

The  students  learn  what  kind  of  optimization 

criteria  might  be  employed  by  neural  control 

of  human  limb  movements  when  the  motor 

task  can  be  solved  in  an  infinite  number  of 

ways. 

III.

METHODS 

With  elaborated  12  chapters,  444  slides 

with  lots  illustrative  figures  and  photos,  such 

as this below.

2011. 10. 18..

TÁMOP – 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 

13

Neuromorph Movement Control:

Neuro and biomechanical characteristics and properties of muscles

www.itk.ppke.hu

Ultrasound based motion analyzer



Upper limb



Lower limb



3D coordinates of anatomical points





is computable

Figure

A sample slide from a particular chapter with 

illustrative figures and pictures. 

In  the  course  different  types  of  movement 

analyzing  systems  are  also  presented  to 

illustrate  how  kinematic  and  muscle  activity 

patterns are measured and analyzed. It is also 

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discussed how measurements can be compared 

with  predicted  movement  patterns  based  on 

mathematical models. Examples for the design 

and  application  of  engineering  methods  in 

medical rehabilitation like artificial control of 

human movements are summarized.  

The  importance  of  modeling  human 

movements  is  increasing  as  modern  methods 

in informatics and engineering are available to 

discern  human  movement  characteristics  that 

were  hidden  before.  The  construction  of 

models  of  neural  control  and  mechanical 

execution  of  human  movements  helps  the 

diagnosis of movement disorders and predicts 

the  outcome  of  clinical  intervention  and 

medical rehabilitation. 

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Introduction to Wireless Communication 

Networking Technologies 

Ad hoc and Sensor Networks 

András Oláh 

Péter Pázmány Catholic University 

Faculty of Information Technology 

Budapest, Hungary 

[e-mail] 

János Levendovszky 

Budapest University of Technology and Economics 

Department of Telecommunications 

Péter Pázmány Catholic University 

Faculty of Information Technology 

Budapest, Hungary 

[e-mail]  

Summary— The purpose of the course “sen-

sor and ad hoc networks” is to provide a com-

prehensive introduction of wireless networking 

technologies to the students. Besides the tech-

nological introduction the course gives an in-

sight into the protocols and the corresponding 

algorithms which form the foundation of net-

working. Hence, the course material does not 

only aim at taking stock of the current wireless 

networking technologies but it also focuses on 

the underlying principles. In this way, students 

are exposed to the comprehensive foundations 

of wireless communication which will help 

them to adopt to emerging technologies and to 

keep their knowledge up-to-date throughout 

their later engineering career.  

Keywords: wireless communications, ad hoc 

networks, wireless sensor networks 

I.

I

NTRODUCTION

The  development  of  wireless  communica-

tion has been exploded in the last ten years and 

poses  serious  challenges  to  the  traditional 

wired  communication.  Two  of  the  most  re-

searched  areas  in  the  domain  of  wireless 

communication  are  the  ad hoc  and  sensor 

networks.

The  course  objective  is  to  introduce  the 

students  to  the  foundations  of  wireless  net-

working, highlighting its major challenges, its 

engineering  solutions  and  its  main  applica-

tions.

The  main  strength  of  the  course  material 

that  it  managed  to  successfully  integrate  the 

algorithmic foundations with up-to-the-minute 

technologies. In this way the students can ob-

tain  general  skills  and  knowledge  as  well  as 

specific details about the current systems. The 

course can be taught both in information tech-

nology  and  electrical  engineering  pro-

grammes,  as  it  touches  upon  both  protocol-

related  and implementation oriented issues.  

At  the  same  time,  the  summary  sections 

give  an  overview  of  the  knowledge  the  stu-

dents of the info-bionics programme require. 

The material may serve as the first step in 

the area for those students who have research 

inclination and later want to further  advance 

their  knowledge  in  the  domain  of  wireless 

networking.

II.

M

ATERIALS ALREADY AVAILABLE AND 

USED FOR THE COURSE 

The topics related to ad hoc networks is a 

standard part of the curricula of other universi-

ties. But those courses do not detail the sens-

ing applications. In general they focus on the 

challenges  of  wireless  communication  but  do 

not  delve  deep  enough  into  the  challenges  of 

applications.

On the one hand the course is a basic part 

of the curriculum of the technical informatics 

programme, especially for those students who 

choose the Communication Engineering track. 

On the other hand, it is strongly recommended 

to those students in the programme of molecu-

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