p a x t a z o r , k u t u b x o n a , yig‘ilish v a h o k a z o la r . T o ‘p l a n m a
t u s h u n c h a l a r n i n g b ir qan c h asi b i r d a n i g a tatbiq q ilin g a n d a
u m u m i y t o ‘p l a n m a t u s h u n c h a l a r h o sil b o l a d i . M a s a la n ,
A lish er N a v o iy nom idagi R e s p u b l i k a d avlat k u tu b x o n a s i
tu sh u n ch as in i yakka t o ‘planm a tu s h u n c h a g a oid desa b o l a d i .
G u r u h , s i n f , j a m o a , polk, x a l q , o l o m o n va b o s h q a l a r
u m u m i y t o ' p l a n m a t u s h u n c h a g a m is o ld ir. Yetti og^ayni
y u l d u z l a r t o ' p l a m i , B olgariya i s h c h i l a r sinfl, T o s h k e n t
p o c h t a m t i xiz m a tc h ila ri j a m o a s i k a b i l a r yakka t o 'p l a n m a
t u s h u n c h a l a r ju m la sig a kiradi.
„ A b s t r a k t “ t u s h u n c h a l a r n in g y u q o r i d a qayd qilib o lti l-
g a n t u s h u n c h a l a r d a n farqi sh u k i, u l a r id ro k yoki t a s a w u r g a
b e v o s i t a a s o s l a n m a y d i . „ A b s t r a k t “ t u s h u n c h a g a m i s o l
tariqasida „ q iy m a t“ tushu n ch asin i keltirib o ‘tamiz: siz a y r im
to v arn i u s h l a b h a r birini qoM ingizda a y la n tirib k o 'rish in g iz ,
u n i x o h l a g a n in g i z c h a ish latish in g iz m u m k i n , a m m o s h u
tovarni q iy m a t tariqasida olib q a r a g a n i m i z d a uni aslo u s h la b
b o l m a y d i .
T u s h u n c h a bilan so‘z m u n o s a b a t i b i r tekis b o 'l m a y d i ,
a y r im p a y t l a r s o ‘z bilan t u s h u n c h a a y n a n m o s t u s h a d i
( o l m a — s o l z , o l m a — t u s h u n c h a ) , q o í g a n p a y t l a r d a
t u s h u n c h a o ‘z k o ‘lam i j i h a t id a n k e n g d ir.
F i k r y u r i t i s h d a t u s h u n c h a b i l a n s o ‘z o ‘z a ro b o g ‘liq
ravishda n a m o y o n bo'ladi. B ir t o m o n d a n , s o ‘z y o r d a m i s iz
t u s h u n c h a v u ju d g a k e lm a y d i, i k k i n c h i t o m o n d a n , s o ‘z
t u s h u n c h a n i n g m o d d i y a s o si v a f u n k s i y a s i n i b a j a r a d i .
T u s h u n c h a l a r b i r y o k i u n d a n o r t i q s o ‘z l a r d a n t a s h k i l
to p ish i m u m k i n . M asa la n , „ x a l q “ d e g a n t u s h u n c h a b i r
s o 'z d a n , ,,o lzb e k xalqi“ ikki s o ‘z d a n , „ q a h r a m o n o ‘z b e k
x alq i“ u c h s o lz d a n , „ozodlik u c h u n k u ra s h a y o tg a n x a l q l a r “
d e g a n t u s h u n c h a t o ‘rt sokz d a n t a s h k i l to p g an .
P s i x o l o g i y a d a b a ’zi t u s h u n c h a l a r s h a r t l i b e l g i —
sim v o lla r y o r d a m i bilan h a m i f o d a l a n a d i . B ular q a t o r i g a
m a t e m a t i k s i m v o ll a r + ( p l u s ) , — ( m i n u s ) , > ( k a t t a l i k
belgisi), < (k ic h ik lik b e lg isi), = ( t e n g l i k belgisi), : ( b o l i s h ) ,
■ ( k o ‘p a y tiris h ) va boshqa b e lg ila r q o ‘llaniladi; h arflar h a m
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t u s h u n c h a l a r n i v u j u d g a keltirishi m u m k i n : a , b, c , d va
hokaz o ; y o ‘l q o i d a l a r i belgisi; geografik s h a rtli belgilar h a m
tu s h u n c h a o ‘r n i d a ishlatilishi m u m k in .
T u s h u n c h a l a r f i k r y u r i t i s h n i n g a s o s i y j a r a y o n l a r i
b o ‘lib, y a ’ni u l a r tasn iflash , u m u m la s h ti r i s h va ab stra k -
siyalashlar y o r d a m i b i la n vujudga keladi. S o ‘zlar, belgilar,
sim vollar, a t a m a l a r ta fa k k u r ja r a y o n i d a tu s h u n c h a l a r n i n g
m a z m u n i n i aks e t t i r a d i . I.P.P avIovning fik rich a , s o kz sig-
n allar tizim id a g i b a r c h a signallarning signalidir. B in o b arin ,
u signallarning b a r c h a s i n i ifodalaydi va u l a r n in g h a m m a s in i
u m u m l a s h ti r a d i .
T a l a f f u z d a g i h a r b i r s o ‘z m u a y y a n m a z m u n n i va
m u a y y a n koM am dagi t u s h u n c h a la rn i a k s ettirad i. S o ‘zlar
a lo q a q u ro li v a z if a s in i bajarib, t u s h u n c h a l a r m o h iy a tin i
anglashga y o r d a m b e r a d i . T u s h u n c h a s o ‘z l a r y o rd a m i va
vositasi b ilan s h a x s l a r a r o m u n o s a b a t la r o ‘r n a ti s h d a faol
ishtirok etadi.
I n s o n t u s h u n c h a l a r n i n g aksa riy atin i o ‘z i d a n avvalgi
a v l o d d a n m e r o s s i f a t i d a ta y y o r h o l d a o i g a n . A v l o d l a r
e s ta f e ta si n a t i j a s i d a b i r avlod y a r a t g a n t u s h u n c h a l a r n i
ikkinchi avlod e g a ll a b o lad i, ularga yangi m a z m u n va shakl
beradi. O ld in g i a v l o d n i n g boy m erosiga asoslanib, ularni
o ‘rganib u l g u r m a g a n voqelik xususiyatini o c h i s h g a intiladi,
s h u k a s h f iy o t o ‘l a r o q , yangi t u s h u n c h a l a r ijo d q ila d i.
B in o b arin , t u s h u n c h a l a r n i n g s h u n d a y y o l b ilan av lo d d an
avlodga o ‘tib b o r is h i v a egallanishi m a z k u r t u s h u n c h a l a r
n ing y a n a d a ra v n a q to p ishiga olib keladi.
M o d d i y b o r l i q t o ‘g ‘risid ag i t u s h u n c h a l a r filo va
o n t o g e n e t i k t a r a q q i y o t bosq ich in i b o s ib o ‘tadi. M a z k u r
t a r a q q i y o t b o s q i c h i t u s h u n c h a l a r n i n g t a k o m ill a s h u v ig a ,
m a z m u n a n c h u q u r la s h u v ig a , koMam j i h a t d a n kengayishiga
s a b a b c h i b o ‘l a d i . M a s a l a n : l ) y a r i m a s r m u q a d d a m
kishilarning Q u y o s h tizim iga kirgan p l a n e t a la r t o lg ‘risidagi
t a s a v v u r l a r i ; 2 ) m a k t a b g a c h a y o s h d a g i b o l a l a r n i n g
o ‘sim liklar va h a y v o n o t dunyosi t o ‘g ‘risidagi tu sh u n c h a la ri
k o ‘l a m i v a m a k t a b n i t a m o m l a s h d a v r i d a g i o ‘s p i r i n
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