o ‘zi izlashi, a qliy z o ‘r berib in tilish i, u larg a taalluqli q o ‘-
s h i m c h a belgi v a a lo m a tla rn i k i r it is h d a n iborat b o s q i c h -
l a r n i n g n a m o y o n b o l i s h i n i n a z a r d a t u t a m i z . A q l n i n g
pishiqligi v az ifalarni te z y e c h is h d a , y e c h is h p ay tid a y angi
usul va v o s ita la rn i te z izlab t o p i s h d a , u la rn i sa ra la s h d a ,
a n a s h u u s u lla r va vositalarni o ‘z o ‘rn id a a n i q q o ‘llashda,
a n d a z a g a a y l a n g a n , eski y o ‘l h a m d a u s u l l a r d a n f o r i g ‘
b o ‘lishda va b o s h q a jarayonlarda ifodalanadi.
0 ‘z i n i n g va o ‘z g a la rn in g m u l o h a z a l a r i n i , bu m u l o -
h a z a l a r n i n g c h i n yoki c h in e m a s lig in i te k s h iris h d a y u z a g a
k c l g a n m u l o h a z a l a r g a , m u h o k a m a l a r g a , m u a m m o l i
v aziyatga b a h o b e r a bilishda aq l b i l a n t a n q i d i y y o n d a s h is h
m u h i m roi o ‘ynaydi. T a f a k k u rn in g ta n q id iy lig i obyektiv v a
s u b y e k tiv r a v i s h d a ifo d a l a n is h i m u m k i n . M a z k u r s ifa t
i n s o n n i n g b a h o la s h , o lz - o kzini b a h o l a s h kabi ta fa k k u rn in g
individual xususiyatlariga b o g kliq ra v ish d a n a m o y o n boMadi.
A g a r t a n q i d i y l i k o q i l o n a , m u h i m b e l g i l a r g a , m u a m m o
m o h i y a t in i n g t o ‘g ‘ri o ch ilishiga a s o s l a n ib a m a lg a o s h s a ,
b u n d a y ta n q id iy lik obyektiv ta n q id iy lik d e b ataladi. M a b o d o
t a f a k k u r n i n g tanqidiyligi s u b y e k t iv x a t o l a r g a , u m u m a n ,
s u b y e k t i v i z m g a o g ‘ib k e t s a , b u n d a y h o l d a s u b y e k t i v
t a n q id iy lik deyiladi. Subyektiv ta n q i d i y lik salbiy o q i b a t g a
o lib k e l a d i , s h u n i n g d e k , i n s o n l a r o ‘r t a s i d a „ a n g l a s h i l -
m o v c h ilik g ‘o v i “ ni vujudga k e ltira d i, ikki shaxs o ‘r t a s id a
k u t ilm a g a n d a ziddiyat paydo b o ‘ladi. I n s o n d a t a f a k k u r n i n g
tanqidiyligi o q ilo n a , ratsional t a r z d a v u ju d g a kelsa, u n d a
shaxs m u h i m sifat bilan b o y iy d i, d e b aytish m u m k in .
M a q s a d , m u a m m o v a v a z i f a l a r o ‘z g a s h a x s l a r
t o m o n i d a n q o ‘yilib, tayyor u s u l v a v o sitalarg a t a y a n g a n
h o ld a o ‘zg a kishilarning b e v o s ita y o r d a m i bilan a m a l g a
osh irilish i j a r a y o n i d a b iro z i s h t i r o k e t g a n t a f a k k u r n o -
m u s ta q il t a f a k k u r d e b a ta la d i. M u s t a q i l ta f a k k u r g a e g a
b o l m a g a n kishilar „tayyor m a h s u l o t l a r q u l i“g a a y la n a d ila r,
u la rd a o ‘s is h d a n o r q a d a qolish xavfi t u g ‘iladi. N a ti j a d a a q l -
zakovatli in so n b o ‘lish o 'rn ig a k a lta b in , e r in c h o q , beha fsala
o d a m b o ‘lib v o y a g a y e ta d i. D e m a k , t a f a k k u r n i n g n o -
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m ustaqillik illati j a h o n progressiga t o ‘siq b o l s a , yakka shaxs
u c h u n esa fojiadir.
F ik r n i n g m u s ta q illig i uning s a m a r a d o rlig i bilan uzviy
b o g l a n g a n . A g a r i n s o n m u a y y a n v aq t i c h id a m a ’l u m so h a
u c h u n q i m m a tl i v a y angi fikrlar, g 'o y a la r , ta v siy a n o m a la r
yaratsa h a m d a n a z a r iy va amaliy vazifalam i hal qilsa, b unday
kishining ta fa k k u ri s e rm a h su l ta fa k k u r d e b ataladi.
D e m a k , v a q t o ra lig ‘ida bajarilgan ish k o ‘lam i va sifatiga
o q ilo n a b a h o b e r is h — tafakkur m a h su ld o rlig in i oMchash
m e z o n i s ifatida x i z m a t qiiadi.
T a f a k k u r n i n g ix c h a m l i g i d e g a n d a , m u a m m o n i hal
q ilishning d a s tla b k i rejasi m a z k u r j a r a y o n d a uni yechish
s h a rtin i q a n o a t l a n t i r m a y qolib, n a t ija d a n o m u t a n o s i b ii k
hosil b o ‘lsa, h e c h ik k ila n m a y o ‘zg a rtish la r k iritish d a n ibo-
rat fikr y u r i t i s h f a o liy a tin i t a s a w u r q i l m o q jo iz. Fikrni
o p e ra tiv j i h a t d a n , t e z k o r lik bilan o ‘z g a r t i s h d a n va t o lg lri
y o ‘nalishiga
yo ‘l/a b yuborishám
ib o ra t ta f a k k u r sifati un in g
ixcham ligi d e y ila d i. M as a la n , , , 0 ‘q u v c h i i m t i h o n d a a w a l
g 'o y a n i n o t o ‘g £ri y o rita y o tib , o ‘z xatosini „ b i r d a n ig a “ an g -
lab, t o ‘g ‘ri j a v o b b e r a b oshlashi“ kabilar. D e m a k , t a fa k
k u r n i n g m a z k u r s ifa ti fikrlarni t i n g lo v c h i l a r g a x a t o va
k am ch ilik siz y e t k a z i b berish garovidir.
T a f a k k u r n i n g tezligi xususiyati q o ‘y ilg a n savolga va
m u a m m o g a t o ‘liq ja v o b olingan vaqt bilan belgilanadi. U ning
tezligi q a t o r o m i l l a r g a , j u m la d a n , fikrlash u c h u n z a r u r
m a te ria ln i t e z y o d g a tu s h ira olishga, m u v a q q a t b o g 'la n is h -
la rn in g te z lig i, t u r l i h is la rn in g m a v ju d lig ig a , in s o n n i n g
d iq q a ti g a , q i z i q i s h i g a b o g ‘liq b o 'l a d i . B u n d a n ta s h q a r i,
t a f a k k u r n i n g t e z lig i b o s h q a s h a r tla r g a : i n s o n n i n g b ilim
saviyasiga, fik rla sh qobiliyatiga, k o ‘n i k m a v a m alakalariga
h a m b o g l i q e k a n lig i isbotlangan. X ulo sa qilib ay tg an d a ,
t a f a k k u r j a r a y o n l a r i n i n g tezligi u l a r n i n g m a ’lu m fursat
ichida q a n c h a l i k s a m a r a berganligi bilan b a h o la n a d i.
F ik r la rn in g tezligi o ‘quvchilarga j u d a z a r u r psixologik
q u r o l b o ‘iib x i z m a t q iia d i. l m t i h o n p a y t i d a , s e m i n a r
m a sh g ^ u lo tla rid a fa o l ishtirok qilgan t a l a b a hay a jo n la n ib ,
292
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