adaptation 2,12, 34–37, 61–6, 89, 102–4, 111, 129,
171–2, 178, 186, 233, 235, 268
adaptability 3, 50, 71–72, 92, 129, 173, 233–35, 240,
268
Aish, R 148
Amsterdam 71
Alexander, C xii, xiii, 18, 95, 64–5, 88–9, 91–2,
105–12
Algorithm 27, 88, 107, 170–2, 186; algorithmic
design 141–2, 145, 150 , 172, 179, 181, 186–7,
191;
see also parametric design
Allen, S 112
Archigram 12, 156, 196,
Aristotle 14–15, 30–1
Architectural Association (AA) xiii, 40, 180, 226
Architecture xiii, 2–3, 8, 17, 21, 24, 26–30, 33, 37–8,
41–2, 48–52, 55–64, 69, 71, 75–6, 82, 88–9,
91–95, 100–13, 118–22, 126–7, 136, 143, 153–4,
161–2, 168–83, 189–92, 194–7, 214, 223–7,
230–3, 266–74; and complexity xi–xii, 1–3, 8,
12–13, 15, 20–1, 23–4, 27, 30, 36, 41–7, 52,
59–65, 68, 75, 78–9, 84, 88–91, 96, 99–114,
118–20, 122, 124, 129, 142–51, 153, 162, 169–74,
176, 178, 180–3, 186–7, 190–2, 195, 206, 214,
223, 226, 228, 230–1, 266, 269–70, 273; and
decay 13, 36, 38, 63–4, 126, 233; and duration
2–3, 8, 13, 24, 36–7, 54, 60–5, 73, 94–5, 100, 102,
127; 223, 233–4, 273; and functionality xii, 2,
10, 13, 16, 21, 33, 35, 54–5, 58, 62–4, 80, 82,
87–88, 92, 102–7, 119–20, 126, 141, 151, 154,
173, 177–8, 182, 194–5, 227, 233, 268–9, 272;
and obsolescence xiii, 2–3, 30, 35–8, 50, 52,
54, 60, 62–3, 92–3, 196, 223–255, 271; iconic
architecture 51, 125, 230–1; and performance
1, 3, 8, 33, 51, 58, 61, 94, 100, , 103–108, 124–6,
141–51, 156, 173–79, 224–7, 233, 246, 269
artificial 12, 14, 16, 36, 50–3, 61–2, 68, 70, 73–4,
77, 92, 99, 103, 110, 172, 178–9, 248
artificial intelligence 52
associative model 145, 181
associative logic 7, 15–18
Athens 13
Automation 136, 150, 168, 172, 175–6, 178–80, 267,
270
Banham, R xiii, 32, 37, 61–2, 69, 169, 225
Baghdad 13
Batty, M xiii, 102, 108, 172,
Beijing 17, 29, 32, 34, 49–50, 58, 63, 82, 132, 198,
245
Berlage Institute 209–212
Biology 12, 14–15, 17–18, 61–2, 64, 77, 91, 99,
104–5, 113, 145, 169, 173, 178–9, 186, 190–2,
195, 227, 253
biological paradigm 12, 17–18, 61–2, 77, 99, 113,
145, 169, 173, 178–9, 190–2, 253
biomimetics 109, 168, 173, 175,
biomorphism 168, 173
Building Information Modeling (BIM) 52, 125,
168, 176–7, 179, 270,
Burry, M xi–xii, 8, 16–7, 56, 64, 89, 102–4, 107, 111,
142, 145, 150–1, 168, 170, 172–3, 176–8, 227, 230
Burry, J 8, 17, 56, 64, 89, 102–4, 107, 111, 145,
177–8, 227, 230
Campanella, T 29–30, 36–7, 54–5, 58
Castells, M 1, 10–11, 56–7; megacities 1, 56–7;
Southern China Metropolis 56–7
Castro, E 82–4, 237–40, 287–8
city/cities; and abandonment 13, 37–8, 235; and
density 36, 48–9, 54–6, 59, 71, 77, 79, 132, 159,
165–7, 198–90, 194–5, 201–2, 209, 238, 245, 259;
and decline 2, 13,14, 35, 38, 223, 235; and
design 3, 16, 40, 61, 76, 93, 123–6, 148, 168,
235; and complexity xii, 2–3, 12–15, 23–4, 36,
42–7, 52, 60–2, 65, 68, 75, 78, 84, 87, 93, 102–6,
109–12, 120, 129, 142, 144–51, 163, 169, 172–3,
178, 181, 186–92, 214, 223, 226, 230–5, 265–74;
and countryside 7, 13, 16, 31, 33, 55–57, 62,
78 142, 193; and form 10–16, 20–1, 23–8,
30–1, 40–7, 50–3, 55–7, 59–65, 68, 71–4, 77,
87–96, 102–13, 118–22, 147–8, 150–1, 153–8,
168–73, 176–9, 182–3, 186–92, 205–6, 230,
266, 268, 273–4;
and growth I, xi, 2, 8, 10,
12–16, 20–1, 27, 31–4, 37–9, 48, 58–65, 68,
72, 75–6, 87–92, 100, 103, 106–8, 112, 151,
164, 168, 172,–3, 182,–3, 187–924, 214, 274;
and homogenisation 11, 23, 26, 44, 54,
57–8, 113, 158, 162, 181, 186, 196–7, 267; and
industrialisation 3–4; and obsolescence xiii,
2–3, 36, 50–52, 54, 60, 62–3, 92–3, 196, 214–19,
223–35, 271; and landscape 11, 15, 17, 30–4,
43, 61–5, 71–2, 75–6, 82–5, 98–102, 112, 142,
147, 170–3, 177, 198, 201–2, 234, 237, 241, 245,
248, 253, 268; and permanence
2, 7, 8–9,
20–1, 28, 33, 56, 63–45, 88, 94, 99, 128, 183,
227–235, 268, 273; and self-organisation xii,
11–15, 35, 57, 62, 88–91, 103–5, 120, 143–4, 182,
191, 235; and systems xii, 8–18, 20–22, 24, 29,
36, 45, 53, 62–64, 82, 87–9, 91–6, 98, 99–112,
120–2, 124–7, 130–1, 141–6, 148–51, 162–3, 166,
1689–73, 176–83, 186–7, 191–7, 205, 207, 214,
223–4, 227–8, 230, 233–4, 239, 245, 253–4, 273;
and utopia xi, 12–3, 21, 25, 31, 63, 89, 92; as
centres of trade xi, 8, 34; as a machine 11, 13,
15–6, 25, 32, 34, 94, 147, 195; as an organism
17, 21, 33, 64, 104, 106, 124, 142, 154, 171, 173,
178, 195; and the economy 1, 10–1, 20–2, 41,
48, 56, 61, 65, 95–7, 118–9, 123, 195, 231, 259,
270; city walls 16–7, 25, 28–9, 50
Chicago 34, 36,
Childe, V. G 8, 148,
China: ancient China 28–30; and danwei 28,
58; and Deng Xiaoping 29, 48, 56; and the
megablock 26;
and rapid urbanisation xiii, 1,
24, 28–30, 38, 48–52, 54–9, 99, 187, 191, 193–7,
266, 268; Cultural Revolution 193; Empires
196; modern China 1, 24–6, 28–30, 34, 37–8,
48–52, 54–5, 58–9, 77–9, 80–2, 88, 92–3, 124,
128, 132–6, 193–7, 237, 241, 245, 248, 259, 267,
271–2
Chongqing 56, 110, 224, 228, 231, 234
Civilisation 7–8, 16, 32, 27–8, 97, 100, 118, 123,
complexity xii, 2–3, 12–15, 23–4, 36, 42–7, 52,
60–2, 65, 68, 75, 78, 84, 87, 93, 102–6, 109–12,
120, 129, 142, 144–51, 163, 169, 172–3, 178, 181,
186–92, 214, 223, 226, 230–5, 265–74
computation xii, xiv, 1–3, 13, 26–7, 51–2, 60, 75, 87,
91–6, 100, 105–7, 118, 121, 124–5, 132, 141–151,
INDEX