Stockholm's Archipelago and Strindberg's
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85 Scandinavica Vol 52 No 2 2013 by the upper middle class, and by now part of both high and popular Swedish culture. As Selander and Wästberg argue, Strindberg discovers the nature of the archipelago not only for himself but for the Swedish people.
106 More than anyone else, he was before his time as a modern man, with his capability of consciously embodying the contradictions of modernity. His longing for the lost paradise is ours, but a unique power of creation belongs to him. Notes
1 The English titles of Strindberg’s works follow Michael Robinson (2009: xxxii- xxxvi). When titles of works, or parts of works, do not appear in Robinson’s list, translations are mine. 2 Compare Sten Selander, ‘Förord and Stockholms skärgård’, in Selander 1954: 7-32; Erik Ljungberger, ‘Badorter och sommargäster i Stockholms skärgård’ in Selander 1954: 343-368; Grönblad 1970: 7-8, 162-163; Wästberg 1973: 51-53, 58, 113-114; Hedenstierna 2000a: 5-6, 42-55; and Hedenstierna 2000b: 54-55. 3 See Lotman 1977: 217-232; Lotman 1990: 199-241; and Marchese 2009: 101- 127. 4 The instability of meaning, character and human identity is discussed in Eric O. Johannesson’s seminal book about Strindberg’s novels; see Johannesson 1968: 1-24. 5 Strindberg’s realism is repeatedly underscored in Berendsohn 1962, for example p. 70-72. 6 See in particular Barthes 1957: 7-8, 213-268. 7 See Rasmusson 2010, who mentions a general change of orientation among Stockholmers during Strindberg’s lifetime, from an interest in lake Mälaren, with its islands and bays, to a new interest in the wild seascape of the skärgård. 8 See in particular Wästberg 1973: 9-49; and Hedenstierna 2000a: 29-55. An interesting documentation is also given in Eklund / Sjöberg 1983. 9 See Wästberg 1973: 54, 59, 109; and Hedenstierna 2000b: 10-12. 10 Strindberg, Samlade Verk, XX, Tjänstekvinnans son I-II, red. H. Lindström, Stockholm 1989: 147-148. I will henceforth indicate each volume of the
time. The references are subsequently given as the abbreviation SV plus the number of the volume and the pages. In the Works Cited only the complete edition is reported. All translations are mine. 11 Meidal 2012: 16-17. The role of steamboats in Strindberg’s family tradition is underscored in Lagercranz 1986: 12-14, and Meidal 2012: 20-21. I want to thank professor Björn Meidal for his interest in my project about Strindberg and the archipelago, and for his suggestions. 12 Lagercrantz 1986: 26-27. 13 The Swedish word for bay is fjärd, a term that is part of the archipelago 86 Scandinavica Vol 52 No 2 2013 environment, etymologically related to the more internationally known Norwegian fjord. 14 SV XX: 148: ‘Nu var han där i paradiset’ (Now he was there in paradise). 15 Strindberg, Samlade Verk, XXVI, Skärkarlsliv, red. N. Å. Sjöstedt, Stockholm 1984: 7-15. 16 SV XXVI: 10: ‘[…] omväxling av dystert och leende, av fattigt och rikt, av täckt och vilt, av inland och havskust’. 17 See Berendsohn 1962: 25-27 and 29-31. 18 Let us not forget, though, that Strindberg had left the archipelago and Sweden in 1883, and that he, after returning to his home country in 1889, was astonished by the material progress that had taken place in the meantime. 19 See Strindberg’s autobiography, with further manifestations of the archipelago motif: SV XX: 328-329; and Strindberg, Samlade Verk, vol. XXI, Tjänstekvinnans son III-IV, red. H. Lindström, Stockholm 1996: 23, 29, 64-77. 20 Roland Barthes dedicates one chapter of Mythologies to the writer on vacation. The writer’s splendid uniqueness consists in the fact that he does not stop producing although he is on vacation. If the bourgeois ideology allows the writer to have a false job, he must then have a false vacation too. See Barthes 1957: 29-31. 21 Strindberg, Samlade Verk, II, I vårbrytningen, red. C. R. Smedmark, Stockholm 1981: 7-32. See Meidal 2003, and Meidal 2012: 66-67. 22 As to the role and history of Dalarö see Wästberg 1973: 54-58; and Hedenstierna 2000b: 129-132. 23 SV II: 14: ‘[...] jag hatar detta stadsliv utflyttat på landet’. 24 Strindberg spent the autumn of 1873 in Sandhamn, on Sandö, in an attempt to become a telegrapher and escape from literary failures and monetary troubles in Stockholm. See SV XXI: 80-85. As to the role and history of Sandhamn see Hedenstierna 2000b: 64-65. 25 Strindberg, Samlade Verk, IV, Ungdomsjournalistik, red. H. Sandberg, Stockholm 1991: 75-79; first published in Dagens Nyheter, 4.9.1872. 26 SV IV: 80-81; first published in Dagens Nyheter, 4.12.1873. 27 SV II: 42-49; first published in Dagens Nyheter, 2.7.1874. 28 Compare Sehlstedt 1961; Sten Selander, ‘Skärgården i litteraturen’, in Selander 1954: 446-447; and Grönblad 1970: 60-61, 68-69. 29 SV IV: 82: ‘[...] en fetisch som vördas mer än Gud, ett begrepp som saknar verklighet, men dock är så verkligt som något kan vara’; first published in Dagens Nyheter, 6.12.1873. As to these early anarchistic tendencies, also in connection with the archipelago environment, see Edqvist 1961: 91-94. 30 SV II: 54-72; first published in the weekly magazine ‘Svalan’, 8, 15 and 22.5.1875. 31 Strindberg, Samlade Verk, VI, Röda Rummet, red. C. R. Smedmark, Stockholm 1981: 258-267. See Brandell 1987: 178-179. As to Falk’s position in the novel see Johannesson 1968: 25-45. 32 About Strindberg and Kymmendö see Jirlow 1945; Persson 2004: 160-182; Lindberg / Utter Wahlströhm 2007: 30-44; and Meidal 2012: 83-86. Yüklə 416,71 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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