Personal Research Database

175 (1-3), 1075-1080.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 1075.pdf

Abstract: The interpretation of processes yielding aqueous contaminant removal in the presence of elemental iron (e.g. in Fe-0/H2O systems) is subject to numerous complications. Reductive transformations by Fe-0 and its primary corrosion products (Fe-II and H/H-2) as well as adsorption onto and co-precipitation with secondary and tertiary iron corrosion products (iron hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, and mixed valence Fe-II/Fe-III green rusts) are considered the main removal mechanisms on a case-to-case basis. Recent progress involving adsorption and co-precipitation as fundamental contaminant removal mechanisms have faced a certain scepticism. This work shows that results from electrocoagulation (EC), using iron as sacrificial electrode, support the adsorption/co-precipitation concept. It is reiterated that despite a century of commercial use of EC, the scientific understanding of the complex chemical and physical processes involved is still incomplete. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Arsenic Removal, Co-Precipitation, Complex, Corrosion, Electrocoagulation, Electrodes, Flocculation, Granular Iron, Groundwater Remediation, In-Situ Remediation, Long-Term Performance, Permeable Reactive Barriers, Reduction, Remediation, Removal, Waste-Water, Zero-Valent Iron, Zerovalent Iron

? Sharma, M.V.P., Kumari, V.D. and Subrahmanyam, M. (2010), TiO₂ supported over porous silica photocatalysts for pesticide degradation using solar light: Part 2. Silica prepared using acrylic acid emulsion. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 1101-1105.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 1101.pdf

Abstract: An acrylic acid emulsion mixture is used for synthesis of novel porous silica (E-Si) material. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 under solar light irradiation for isoproturon (herbicide) degradation is drastically increased when dispersed over E-Si support using solid state dispersion (SSD) technique. The composite material is characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, UV-vis DRS, SEM and TEM measurements. The photocatalytic activities of the composite catalysts are evaluated for different parameters. The 5 wt% TiO2/E-Si is found to be highly active for isoproturon degradation. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Degradation, Dyes, Efficient, Isoproturon, Isotherms, Photocatalysis, Porous Silica Material, Route, SEM, Silica, Synthesis, TEM, TiO₂, UV, Water, XRD

? Brandão, P.C., Souza, T.C., Ferreira, C.A., Hori, C.E. and Romanielo, L.L. (2010), Removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from aqueous solution using sugarcane bagasse as adsorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 1106-1112.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 1106.pdf

Abstract: In the present work, the adsorption ability of sugarcane bagasse to remove oil by-products from aqueous solution was evaluated. The objective was treating the contaminated wastewater while enriching the bagasse for its later use as fuel in boilers. Adsorption experiments were carried out in an agitated reactor at room temperature to obtain kinetic curves and adsorption isotherms of gasoline and n-heptane on sugarcane bagasse. The results showed the great potential of bagasse as an adsorbent, since it was able to adsorb up to 99% of gasoline and 90% of n-heptane in solutions containing about 5% of these contaminants. In the adsorption kinetics of gasoline, the equilibrium was reached after just 5 min. This result shows that the adsorption is very favorable. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and D-R models did not describe well the adsorption behavior obtained for these systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbons, Adsorption, Adsorption Ability, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetics, Agricultural Waste Biomass, Bioadsorbents, Cellulose, Degradation, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Hexavalent Chromium, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Pb(II), Petroleum Hydrocarbons Removal, Pith, Removal, Sugarcane Bagasse, Temkin, Wastewater

? Kagaya, S., Miyazaki, H., Ito, M., Tohda, K. and Kanbara, T. (2010), Selective removal of mercury(II) from wastewater using polythioamides. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 1113-1115.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 1113.pdf

Abstract: The potential and feasibility of polythioamides as Hg(II) sorbents were evaluated. Powdered polythioamides quantitatively sorbed Hg(II) from an aqueous solution at pH 1-8. The sorption of Hg(II) on polythioamides obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm: the sorption capacity was 0.70-0.85 g-Hg g(-1). Hg(II) was selectively separated from solutions containing 500 times larger amounts of Mn(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) at pH 1. The tertiary polythioamide (PTA1) is soluble in chloroform and can be readily coated on a commercially available polymer resin, Amberlite XAD7HP. PTA1-coated resin as well as powdered PTA1 were applicable to the selective removal of Hg(II) from real wastewater. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Chelating Resin, Complexes, Cu(II), Dialdehydes, Heavy-Metal Ions, Hg(II), Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm, Mercury(II), Mn(II), Pb(II), pH, Polythioamide, Removal, Selective Sorption, Sorption, Sulfur, Thiourea, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment

? Ghauch, A., Abou Assi, H. and Tuqan, A. (2010), Investigating the mechanism of clofibric acid removal in Fe⁰/H₂O systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 48-55.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 48.pdf

Abstract: Since the introduction of iron wall technology, the inherent relationship between contaminant removal and iron corrosion has been mostly attributed to electron transfer from the metal body (direct reduction). This thermodynamically founded premise has failed to explain several experimental facts. Recently, a new concept considering adsorption and co-precipitation as fundamental contaminant removal mechanisms was introduced. This consistent concept has faced very skeptic views and necessarily needs experimental validation. The present work was the first independent attempt to validate the new concept using clofibric acid (CLO) as model compound. For this purpose, a powdered Fe-0 material (Fe-0) was used in CLO removal experiments under various experimental conditions. Additional experiments were performed with plated Fe-0 (mFe(0): Fe-0/Pd-0, Fe-0/Ni-0) to support the discussion of removal mechanism. Main investigated experimental variables included: abundance of O-2, abundance of iron corrosion products (ICPs) and shaking operations. Results corroborated the concept that quantitative contaminant removal in Fe-0/H2O systems occurs within the oxide-film in the vicinity of Fe-0. Additionally, mixing type and shaking intensity significantly influenced the extent of CLO removal. More importantly, HPLC/MS revealed that the identity of reaction products depends on the extent of iron corrosion or the abundance of ICPs. The investigation of the CLO/Fe-0/H2O system disproved the popular view that direct reduction mediates contaminant removal in the presence of Fe-0. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Bimetallics, Clofibric Acid, Corrosion, Granular Iron, Groundwater Remediation, HPLC, MS, Identity, Iron Corrosion Products, Long-Term Performance, Manganese Oxides, Metallic Iron, Organic-Compounds, Oxidative-Degradation, Permeable Reactive Barriers, Reductive Dechlorination, Removal, Shaking Intensity, System, Technology, Zero-Valent Iron, Zerovalent Iron

? Vieira, M.G.A., Neto, A.F.A., Gimenes, M.L. and da Silva, M.G.C. (2010), Removal of nickel on Bofe bentonite calcined clay in porous bed. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 109-118.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 109.pdf

Abstract: Bentonite clays have been showing good adsorbing characteristics and are used as an alternative material in the removal of heavy metals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the removal of nickel on Bofe bentonite calcined clay in porous bed. Firstly, a study was conducted to define the operation outflow, based on the minimum mass transfer zone (MTZ) obtained, useful (q(U)) and total adsorbed (q(T)) removal amounts and total nickel removal percentage (Rem (%)). Assays of nickel adsorption on clay were conducted according to a 2(2) factorial design with three central points to evaluate the effect of the particle diameter and initial adsorbate concentration on variables q(U),q(T) and Rem (%).Tests to obtain the adsorbent physical and chemical characteristics were performed on samples of Bofe clay in natura, calcined, and calcined submitted to nickel adsorption. This clay was characterized according to the following techniques: Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Physisorption of N-2 (BET), Helium Picnometry and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with metal mapping. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Bentonite, Bentonite Clay, Calorimetry, Clay, Desorption, FTIR, Heavy Metal Removal, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Mass Transfer, Montmorillonite, Nickel, Removal, SEM, Sorption, Sorption, XRD

? Zhao, Y.S., Liu, C.X., Feng, M., Chen, Z., Li, S.Q., Tian, G., Wang, L., Huang, J.B. and Li, S.J. (2010), Solid phase extraction of uranium(VI) onto benzoylthiourea-anchored activated carbon. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 119-124.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 119.pdf

Abstract: A new solid phase extractant selective for uranium(VI) based on benzoylthiourea anchored to activated carbon was developed via hydroxylation, amidation and reaction with benzoyl isothiocyanate in sequence. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and total element analysis proved that benzoylthiourea had been successfully grafted to the surface of the activated carbon, with a loading capacity of 1.2 mmol benzoylthiourea per gram of activated carbon. The parameters that affect the uranium(VI) sorption, such as contact time, solution pH, initial uranium(VI) concentration, adsorbent dose and temperature, have been investigated. Results have been analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm; the former was more suitable to describe the sorption process. The maximum sorption capacity (82 mg/g) for uranium(VI) was obtained at experimental conditions. The rate constant for the uranium sorption by the as-synthesized extractant was 0.441 min(-1) from the first order rate equation. Thermodynamic parameters (Delta H-0 = -46.2 kJ/mol; Delta S-0 = -98.0J/mol K; Delta G(0) = -17.5 kJ/mol) showed the adsorption of an exothermic process and spontaneous nature, respectively. Additional studies indicated that the benzoylthiourea-anchored activated carbon (BT-AC) selectively sorbed uranyl ions in the presence of competing ions, Na+, Co2+ Sr2+, Cs+ and La3+. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption, Analysis, Aqueous-Solutions, Benzoylthiourea, Complexes, Contact Time, Fourier Transform Infrared, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Infrared, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir And Freundlich Isotherm, Metal-Ions, pH, Preconcentration, Separation, Silica-Gel, Solid Phase Extraction, Sorption, Surface, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Uranium, Water Samples

? Guo, H.M., Li, Y. and Zhao, K. (2010), Arsenate removal from aqueous solution using synthetic siderite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 174-180.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 174.pdf

Abstract: The study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of synthetic siderite for As(V) removal from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were performed to investigate effects of various experimental parameters such as contact time (10 min-8 h), initial As(V) concentration (0.5-60.0 mg/L), temperature (15, 25, 35 and 45ºC), pH (2.0-10.0) and the presence of competing anions on As(V) adsorption on the synthetic siderite. Kinetic data reveal that the uptake rate of As(V) was rapid at the beginning and 90% adsorption was completed within 10 min at 45ºC and equilibrium was achieved within 3h. The adsorption process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The adsorption data better fitted Langmuir isotherm at low temperatures (i.e. 15 and 25ºC), while Freundlich isotherm at relatively high temperatures (35-45ºC). The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir isotherm model was up to 31 mg/g. Thermodynamic study indicates an exothermic nature of adsorption and a spontaneous and favorable process. The optimum pH for As(V) removal was broad, ranging from 3.0 to 10.0. The As(V) adsorption was impeded by the presence of SiO₃^2-, followed by PO₄^3- and NO₃^-. The adsorption process appeared to be controlled by the chemical process. The high As uptake may attribute to both coprecipitation of As with goethite and lepidocrocite forming during the reaction and subsequent adsorption of As on these minerals. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Anions, Aqueous Solution, Arsenate, Arsenic(V), Arsenite Removal, As(V), As(V) Adsorption, As(V) Removal, Capacity, Chemical, Coated Sand, Concentration, Coprecipitation, Data, Equilibrium, Exothermic, Experimental, Experiments, Feasibility, Ferric Hydroxide GFH, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Goethite, Groundwater, Inner-Mongolia, Iron Hydroxides, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetics, Kinetics Model, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm Model, Minerals, Model, Natural Siderite, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Reaction, Red Mud, Removal, Rights, Solution, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Study, Time, Uptake, Zero-Valent Iron, Zerovalent Iron

? Konsowa, A.H., Ossman, M.E., Chen, Y.S. and Crittenden, J.C. (2010), Decolorization of industrial wastewater by ozonation followed by adsorption on activated carbon. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 181-185.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 181.pdf

Abstract: The decolorization of industrial wastewater containing direct dye (Drimarene Red CL-3B) by advanced oxidation process using ozonation in a semi-batch bubble column reactor followed by granule activated carbon (GAC) adsorption process was studied. The effect of initial dye concentration, ozone concentration, pH and ozone-air flow rate on the rate of dye decolorization were investigated. It was found that the rate of dye decolorization increases with increasing ozone concentration, ozone-air flow rate, and pH but decreases with increasing initial dye concentration. This study is a hybrid system conducted in combination between ozonation process and GAC adsorption to reveal higher and efficient removal of color and TOC. The process started with ozonation for efficient and rapid decolorization of dyeing wastewater, followed by GAC adsorption process to gain efficient removal of color and TOC. The adsorption process was found to be very efficient in removal of ozonation residual TOC, in view of high TOC removal, up to 37% TOC removal was obtained. Numerical correlation using regression analysis for decolorization time with the operating conditions of the ozonation process were presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon Adsorption, Adsorption, Advanced Oxidation Processes, Analysis, Aqueous-Solution, Azo-Dye, Basic Dye, Bubble-Column Reactors, Catalytic Ozonation, Color, Decolorization, Degradation, Direct Dye, Dye, Dye Decolorization, Effluents, GAC, Industrial Wastewater, Operating Conditions, Oxidation, Ozonation, Ozone, pH, Removal, Semibatch Reactor, System, Wastewater

? Solangi, I.B., Memon, S. and Bhanger, M.I. (2010), An excellent fluoride sorption behavior of modified amberlite resin. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 186-192.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 186.pdf

Abstract: The article describes a convenient method for the modification of Amberlite XAD-4 (TM) resin by introducing thio-urea binding sites onto the aromatic rings. The modified (ATU) resin has been employed for the quantitative sorption of fluoride ions in batch as well as column experiments. The parameters (i.e. pH, contact time, etc.) were optimized and desorption of fluoride ions was fulfilled by using 0.01 M HCl solution. The equation isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) and Temkin were also successfully applied to model the experimental data. The sorption capacity of the ATU resin was found as 3.286 mmol g(-1). From the D-R isotherm parameters, it has been calculated that the uptake of fluoride ion by ATU resin occurs through ion exchange sorption mechanism. The study will contribute toward the remediation of fluoride polluted areas as well as in the various fields of materials science. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Anion-Exchange Membranes, Aqueous-Solution, Batch, Chitosan Beads, Contact Time, Desorption, Donnan Dialysis, Drinking-Water, Fluoride, Fluoride Remediation, Freundlich, Groundwater, Ion Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Ion Exchange Resin, Ion-Exchanger, Isotherm, Isotherms, Langmuir, pH, Red Mud, Remediation, Removal, Science, Solid Phase Extraction, Sorption, Sorption Isotherms, Sorption Mechanism, Temkin

? Wu, Y.Y., Chi, Y., Bai, H.M., Qian, G.R., Cao, Y.L., Zhou, J.Z., Xu, Y.F., Lu, Q., Xu, Z.P. and Qiao, S.Z. (2010), Effective removal of selenate from aqueous solutions by the Friedel phase. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 193-198.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 193.pdf

Abstract: This research has demonstrated that the Friedel phase, e.g. a chloride-containing hydrocalumite (Ca2Al(OH)(6)Cl(H2O)(2)center dot mH(2)O), can rapidly adsorb large amounts of SeO42- (up to 1.37 mmol/g). SeO42- is removed via anionic exchange, as evidenced by the expansion of the d-spacing from 0.78 nm of Cl-hydrocalumite to 0.97-0.98 nm of SeO4-hydrocalumite. The newly formed SeO4-adsorbed hydrocalumite is stable in water at pH 4-13, indicating the strong fixation of selenate within the phase. In contrast, intercalated selenate in the Freidel phase can be recovered by desorbing in the NaCl solution, which can also regenerate and recycle the used adsorbent. The findings in this research strongly suggest that the Friedel phase is a new, environmentally friendly and cost-effective adsorbent to adsorb selenate from wastewater streams and dilute solutions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solutions, Cement Minerals, Ettringite, Fixation, Friedel Phase, Hydrocalumite, Hydrocalumite, Hydrotalcite, Immobilization, Layered Double Hydroxide, Layered Double Hydroxides, Mg-Al, pH, Removal, Research, Selenate, Sorption, Wastewater, Water

? Duman, O. and Ayranci, E. (2010), Attachment of benzo-crown ethers onto activated carbon cloth to enhance the removal of chromium, cobalt and nickel ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 231-238.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 231.pdf

Abstract: This work consists of two stages. In the first stage, the adsorption of some monobenzo- and dibenzo-crown ethers onto activated carbon cloth (ACC) was investigated. Adsorption isotherm data were derived at 30 degrees C. Then the ACC surface was modified by saturating it with crown ethers. In the second stage, the adsorption of three metal ions, Cr(III), Co(II) and Ni(II), onto both the ACC and the ACC modified with crown ethers was investigated. The enhancement of adsorption of the ACC upon modification with crown ethers was examined for the three ions. The effects of the type and cavity size of crown ethers, the size and form of the ions on the extent of adsorption were discussed in terms of interactions of adsorbate species with the ACC surface. All the isotherm data were treated according to Langmuir and Freundlich models. Generally, Freundlich model was found to represent the experimental isotherm data better than Langmuir model. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon Cloth, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Aqueous Solutions, Behaviors, Chromium, Co(II), Crown Ethers, Electrosorption, Equilibrium, Exchange Resins, Felt Electrodes, Freundlich, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Metal Ions, Nickel, Parameters, Recovery, Removal, Situ UV Spectroscopy, Sorption, Stage, Waste-Water Purification

? Sepehrian, H., Ahmadi, S.J., Waqif-Husain, S., Faghihian, H. and Alighanbari, H. (2010), Adsorption studies of heavy metal ions on mesoporous aluminosilicate, novel cation exchanger. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 252-256.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 252.pdf

Abstract: Mesoporous aluminosilicates, have been prepared with various mole ratios of Si/Al and Cethyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). They have been characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, FT-IR and thermogravimetry. Adsorption behavior of heavy metal ions on this adsorbent have been studied and discussed. The results show that incorporation of aluminum ions in the framework of the mesoporous MCM-41 has transformed it into an effective cation exchanger. The K-d values of several metal ions have been increased. Separation of Sr(II)-Ce(III), Sr(II)-U(VI) and Cd(II)-Ce(III) has been developed on columns of this novel mesoporous cation exchanger. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aluminosilicate, FTIR, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, MCM-41, Mesoporous, Metal Ions, Molecular-Sieves, Radionuclides, Radionuclides, Separation, Silicate, Sorbent, Sorption, XRD

? Moniera, M., Ayadb, D.M. and Sarhanb, A.A. (2010), Adsorption of Cu(II), Hg(II), and Ni(II) ions by modified natural wool chelating fibers. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 348-355.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 348.pdf

Abstract: The graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate (EA) onto natural wool fibers initiated by potassium persulphate and Mohr’s salt redox initiator system in limited aqueous medium was carried out in heterogeneous media. Ester groups of the grafted copolymers were partially converted into hydrazide function groups followed by hydrazone formation through reaction with isatin. Also the application of the modified fibers for metal ion uptake was studied using Cu(II), Hg(II) and Ni(II). The modified chelating fibers were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM and X-ray diffraction.

Keywords: Wool, Grafting, Polyethylacrylate, Polyacrylic Hydrazide, Isatin

? Mao, W., Ma, H.Z. and Wang, B. (2010), Mild ring-opening coupling of liquid-phase cyclohexane to diesel components using sulfated metal oxides. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 361-366.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 361.pdf

Abstract: We have investigated a mild simple synthesis method for ring-opening coupling of liquid-phase cyclohexane to diesel components using various sulfated metal oxides [SO42-/Fe2O3 (SF), SO42-/TiO2 (ST) and SO42-/ZrO2 (SZ)] under low temperature (333 K) and atmospheric pressure. Neither solvent nor promoters are needed in the reaction system so as to be a clean approach. Operating under these reaction conditions, a maximum activity of 6% was obtained with SF as catalyst, and a significantly high selectivity of 74.5% for nicer diesel components (n-C-14-C-18) was obtained simultaneously. Whereas, ST and SZ displayed low activity for cyclohexane reaction. By utilization of the temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) measurement and the N-2 adsorption method, the results suggested that a satisfied acid strength distribution and high density of acid sites appeared in SF catalyst in comparison which may play an important role in the reaction. with other catalysts, (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid Strength, Acidic Properties, Activation, Adsorption, Catalysts, Cyclohexane, Desorption, Diesel Fuel, Isomerization, Liquid-Phase, N-Butane, Pressure, Sulfated Metal Oxides, Synthesis, System, Zirconia, ZrO₂

? Nogueira, F.G.E., do Prado, N.T., Oliveira, L.C.A., Bastos, A.R.R., Lopes, J.H. and de Carvalho, J.G. (2010), Incorporation of mineral phosphorus and potassium on leather waste (collagen): A new N_collagenPK-fertilizer with slow liberation. Journal of Hazardous Materials,