Personal Research Database

176 (1-3), 1113-1117.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 1113.pdf

Abstract: The spent catalyst from vinyl acetate synthesis contains large quantity of zinc. The present study attempts to leach zinc using a mixture of ammonia, ammonium carbonate and water solution, after microwave treatment. The effect of important parameters such as leaching time, liquid/solid ratio and the ammonia concentration was investigated and the process conditions were optimized using surface response methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The optimum condition for leaching of zinc from spent catalyst was identified to be a leaching time of 2.50h, a liquid/solid ratio of 6 and ammonia concentration 5.37 mol/L. A maximum of 97% of zinc was recovered under the optimum experimental conditions. The proposed model equation using RSM has shown good agreement with the experimental data, with a correlation coefficient (R-2) of 0.95. The samples were characterized before and after leaching using X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscope (SEM). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbons, Adsorption, Ammonia Leaching, Chemistry, Extraction, Growth, Optimization, Recovery, Response Surface Methodology, RSM, SEM, Spent Catalyst, Synthesis, Treatment, Water, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD, Zinc

? Milonjic, S.K. (2010), Comments on the authors’ response to the comments on “Factors influencing the removal of divalent cations by hydroxyapatite”, by Smicilklas et al. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 1126-1127.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 1126.pdf

Abstract: Recently, Smitiklas et al. [1] have responded to my comments [2] on their article “Factors influencing the removal of divalent cations by hydroxyapatite” [3]. The authors’ response, however, contains similar mistakes given in their article. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Cation Sorption, Hydroxyapatite, Point of Zero Charge, Removal, Sorption Isotherm

? Rafatullah, M., Sulaiman, O., Hashim, R. and Ahmad, A. (2010), Adsorption of Methylene blue on low-cost adsorbents: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 70-80.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 70.pdf

Abstract: In this article, the use of low-cost adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from solution has been reviewed. Adsorption techniques are widely used to remove certain classes of pollutants from waters, especially those which are not easily biodegradable. The removal of MB, as a pollutant, from waste waters of textile, paper, printing and other industries has been addressed by the researchers. Currently, a combination of biological treatment and adsorption on activated carbon is becoming more common for removal of dyes from wastewater. Although commercial activated carbon is a preferred adsorbent for color removal, its widespread use is restricted due to its relatively high cost which led to the researches on alternative non-conventional and low-cost adsorbents. The purpose of this review article is to organize the scattered available information on various aspects on a wide range of potentially low-cost adsorbents for MB removal. These include agricultural wastes, industrial solid wastes, biomass, clays minerals and zeolites. Agricultural waste materials being highly efficient, low cost and renewable source of biomass can be exploited for MB remediation. It is evident from a literature survey of about 185 recently published papers that low-cost adsorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for MB.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Agricultural, Agricultural Waste, Agricultural Wastes, Alternative, Aqueous Dye Solutions, Basic Dye, Beech Sawdust, Biological, Biomass, Carbon, Cationic Dye, Clays, Color Removal, Cost, Dyes, Fixed-Bed Systems, Fly-Ash, Granular Activated Carbon, Industrial Solid Wastes, Information, Literature, Low Cost, Low Cost Adsorbents, Low-Cost Adsorbents, MB, Methylene Blue, Minerals, Papers, Pollutants, Printing, Purpose, Range, Remediation, Removal, Removal of Dyes, Response-Surface Methodology, Review, Rights, Solution, Source, Survey, Techniques, Textile Waste-Water, Treatment, Waste, Waste Materials, Waste Waters, Wastewater, Waters, Zeolites

? Perelo, L.W. (2010), Review: In situ and bioremediation of organic pollutants in aquatic sediments. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 81-89.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 81.pdf

Abstract: Organic pollutants in sediments are a worldwide problem because sediments act as sinks for hydrophobic, recalcitrant and hazardous compounds. Depending on biogeochemical processes these hydrocarbons are involved in adsorption, desorption and transformation processes and can be made available to benthic organisms as well as organisms in the water column through the sediment-water interface. Most of these recalcitrant hydrocarbons are toxic and carcinogenic, they may enter the food-chain and accumulate in biological tissue. Several approaches are being investigated or have been already used to remove organic hydrocarbons from sediments. This paper provides a review on types and sources of organic pollutants as well as their behavior in sediments. It presents the advantages and disadvantages of traditional sediment remediation techniques in use, such as dredging, capping and monitored natural attenuation. Furthermore, it describes new approaches with emphasis on bioremediation, like biostimulation, bioaugmentation and phytoremediation applied to sediments. These new techniques promise to be of lower impact and more cost efficient than traditional management strategies. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Bacterial Inoculum, Bioremediation, Compounds, Contaminated Sediments, Desorption, Environmental Applications, Marine-Sediments, Mixed Cultures, Natural Attenuation, Organic Pollutants, Polycyclic Aromatic-Hydrocarbons, Remediation, Remediation Technologies, Sediment, Subsurface Remediation, Surfactants, Water

? Uğuzdoğan, E., Denkbaş, E.B. and Kabasakal, O.S. (2010), The use of polyethyleneglycolmethacrylate-co-vinylimidazole (PEGMA-co-VI) microspheres for the removal of nickel(II) and chromium(VI) ions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 119-125.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 119.pdf

Abstract: The polyethyleneglycolmethacrylate-co-vinylimidazole (PEGMA-VI) copolymers, that can be used in heavy metal removal applications, were synthesized and characterized; and their use as sorbents in heavy metal removal was investigated. It was determined that the ligand vinylimidazole was successfully inserted into the polymer structure. Then, chromium (Cr(VI)) and nickel (Ni(II)) ions were used as model species to investigate the usability of the obtained microspheres in heavy metal removal. The effects of pH of the adsorption medium, initial concentration of the metal ions and VI content of PEGMA-VI microspheres were investigated as the effective parameters on the adsorption capacities of the microspheres. The adsorption rate of the microspheres was also investigated for determination of the optimum adsorption time which is the required time for maximum adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacities under optimum conditions were also determined. The order of adsorption affinities of PEGMA-VI microspheres with respect to the used metals was determined by competitive adsorption studies. According to the obtained results, the highest adsorption affinity of the PEGMA-VI microspheres was towards Cr(VI) ions, the adsorption affinity was less for Ni(II) and the least affinity was towards Cu(II) ions. The adsorption-desorption studies showed that the microspheres were reusable without a significant decrease in the ion adsorption capacities. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous-Solutions, Cadmium Ions, Chelating Resin, Chromium, Chromium (Cr(VI)) Ions, Cr(VI), Cu(II), Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Removal, Heavy-Metal Removal, Hexavalent Chromium, Metal Ions, Metal Removal, Microspheres, Monodisperse Polystyrene Microspheres, N-Vinylimidazole(VI), Nickel, Nickel (Ni(II)) Ions, pH, Polyethyleneglycolmethacrylate (Pegma), Removal, Solid-Phase Extraction, Suspension Polymerization, Waste-Water

? Liao, D.X., Zheng, W., Li, X.M., Yang, Q., Yue, X., Guo, L. and Zeng, G.M. (2010), Removal of Lead(II) from aqueous solutions using carbonate hydroxyapatite extracted from eggshell waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 126-130.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 126.pdf

Abstract: Carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHAP) synthesized from eggshell waste was used for removing lead ion from aqueous solutions. The effects of pH, contact time and initial concentration were studied in batch experiments. The maximum uptake of lead ion was obtained at pH 6.0. Adsorption equilibrium was established by 60 min. The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were applied to study the kinetics of the sorption processes. The pseudo-second order kinetic model provided the best correlation (R² > 0.9991) of the used experimental data compared to the pseudo-first order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The adsorption of lead ion by CHAP increased as the initial concentration of lead ion increased in the medium. The maximum lead ion adsorbed was found to be 101 mg g^-1. It was found that the adsorption of Pb(II) on CHAP was correlated well (R² = 0.9995) with the Langmuir equation as compared to Freundlich isotherm equation under the concentration range studied. This study indicated that CHAP could be used as an efficient adsorbent for removal of lead ion from aqueous solution. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherm, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Batch, Batch Experiments, Calcium Hydroxyapatite, Carbonate, Carbonate Hydroxyapatite (Chap), Cd²⁺, Concentration, Copper, Correlation, Data, Diffusion, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experiments, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Hydroxyapatite, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Lead, Lead Ion, Lead(II), Metal, Model, Models, Pb(II), pH, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Range, Removal, Rights, Single, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Time, Uptake, Waste

? Li, Y.R., Wang, J., Luan, Z.K. and Liang, Z. (2010), Arsenic removal from aqueous solution using ferrous based red mud sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 131-137.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 131.pdf

Abstract: Ferrous based red mud sludge (FRS) which combined the iron-arsenic co-precipitation and the high arsenic adsorption features was developed aimed at low arsenic water treatment in rural areas. Arsenic removal studies shown that FRS in dosage of 0.2 or 0.3 g/I can be used effectively to remove arsenic from aqueous solutions when initial As(V) concentration was 0.2 or 0.3 mg/I. Meanwhile, turbidity of supernatant in disturbing water was lower than 2 NTU after 24 h. The pH range (4.5-8.0) for FRS in effective arsenic removal was applicable in natural circumstance. Phosphate can greatly reduce the arsenic removal efficiency while the presence of carbonate had no significant effect on arsenic removal. Arsenic fractionation experiments showed that amorphous hydrous oxide-bound arsenic was the major components. When aqueous pH was decreased from 8.0 to 4.5, arsenic in FRS was not obviously released. The high arsenic uptake capability, good settlement performance and cost-effective characteristic of FRS make it potentially attractive material for the arsenic removal in rural areas. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Aqueous Solutions, Arsenic, Arsenic Removal, As(V), Coagulation, Cost-Effective Material, Ferrous, Goethite, Iron, Modified Calcined Bauxite, pH, Phosphate, Red Mud, Remediation, Removal, Silicate, Treatment, Water, Water Treatment

? Yu, H.W. and Fugetsu, B. (2010), A novel adsorbent obtained by inserting carbon nanotubes into cavities of diatomite and applications for organic dye elimination from contaminated water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 138-145.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 138.pdf

Abstract: A novel approach is described for establishing adsorbents for elimination of water-soluble organic dyes by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the adsorptive sites. Agglomerates of MWCNTs were dispersed into individual tubes (dispersed-MWCNTs) using sodium n-dodecyl itaconate mixed with 3(N,N-dimethylmyristylammonio)-propanesulfonate as the dispersants. The resultant dispersed-MWCNTs were inserted into cavities of diatomite to form composites of diatomite/MWCNTs. These composites were finally immobilized onto the cell walls of flexible polyurethane foams (PUF) through an in situ PUF formation process to produce the foam-like CNT-based adsorbent. Ethidium bromide, acridine orange, methylene blue, eosin B. and eosin Y were chosen to represent typical water-soluble organic dyes for studying the adsorptive capabilities of the foam-like CNT-based adsorbent. For comparisons, adsorptive experiments were also carried out by using agglomerates of the sole MWCNTs as adsorbents. The foam-like CNT-based adsorbents were found to have higher adsorptive capacities than the CNT agglomerates for all five dyes; in addition, they are macro-sized, durable, flexible, hydrophilic and easy to use. Adsorption isotherms plotted based on the Langmuir equation gave linear results, suggesting that the foam-like CNT-based adsorbent functioned in the Langmuir adsorption manner. The foam-like CNT-based adsorbents are reusable after regeneration with aqueous ethanol solution. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Carbon Nanotubes, Diatomite, Dye, Dyes, Ionic Dyes, Isotherms, Langmuir, Methylene Blue, MWCNTs, Polyurethane Foam, Regeneration, Removal, Water, Water-Soluble Organic Dye

? Ramos, M.E., Bonelli, P.R., Cukierman, A.L., Carrott, M.M.L.R. and Carrott, P.J.M. (2010), Adsorption of volatile organic compounds onto activated carbon cloths derived from a novel regenerated cellulosic precursor. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 175-182.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 175.pdf

Abstract: Activated carbon cloths (ACC) were prepared from lyocell, a novel regenerated cellulose nanofibre fabric, by phosphoric acid activation in inert atmosphere at two different final thermal treatment temperatures (864 and 963 C). Benzene, toluene and n-hexane isotherms at 298 and 273 K were measured in order to gain insight into the porous structure of the ACC and to evaluate their performance for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Dubinin-Radushkevich equation was employed to evaluate textural parameters of the ACC. The textural characteristics of the ACC were compared with those previously determined from nitrogen (77 K) and carbon dioxide (273 K) adsorption data. The samples were essentially microporous. The textural parameters calculated from the hydrocarbon isotherms were in good agreement with those evaluated from nitrogen isotherms for the ACC with the wider microporosity. Additionally, the Freundlich model provided a good description of the experimental isotherms for the three volatile organic compounds. The ACC obtained at the higher temperature exhibited a larger adsorption capacity. The ACC were also electrically conductive and showed potential for regeneration by the Joule effect, as determined from macroscopic electrical measurements before and after n-hexane adsorption. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon Cloths, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Behavior, Benzene, Benzene Vapors, Compounds, Electrothermal Regeneration, Electrothermal Swing Adsorption, Fiber, Freundlich, Hexane, Isotherms, Microporous Materials, Monolith, N-Hexane, Nanofibers, Organic Compounds, Phase Adsorption, Regeneration, Removal, Surface, Surface Properties, Toluene, Treatment, VOCs, Volatile Organic Compounds Adsorption

? Yu, J.X., Chi, R.A., Su, X.Z., He, Z.Y., Qi, Y.F. and Zhang, Y.F. (2010), Desorption behavior of methylene blue on pyromellitic dianhydride modified biosorbent by a novel eluent: Acid TiO₂ hydrosol. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 222-227.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 222.pdf

Abstract: In this study, waste beer yeast powder was modified by pyromellitic dianhydride to improve its adsorption capacities for cationic dye: methylene blue (MB). According to the Langmuir equation, the maximum uptake capacities (q(m)) of the modified biomass for MB was 830.8 mg g(-1), which was about five times than that obtained on the unmodified biomass. Adsorption mechanism was investigated by FTIR. Desorption kinetics of methylene blue in six solvents: HCl (0.1 mol L-1), ethanol, mixtures of HCl (0.1 mol L-1) and ethanol with different volume ratio and a self-clean eluent: acid TiO2 were studied in details. Results showed that desorption kinetics curve fit the two-step kinetic model, and methylene blue release process was distinctly divided into two steps: rapid and slow desorption steps. 52.2% of the methylene blue could be desorbed into TiO2 hydrosol after 30 h desorption at the first desorption cycle, and the desorbed dye in TiO2 hydrosol could be degrade completely under sunlight irradiation. After three desorption-photodegradation cycles, 80.0% of the absorbed dyes could be desorbed from the surface of the modified biomass. Although there was much work to do, the self-clean eluent: TiO2 hydrosol had great potential in practical use. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Behavior, Adsorption Mechanism, Aqueous-Solution, Beer Yeast, Biomass, Biosorption, Biosorption, Chemical-Modification, Corynebacterium-Glutamicum, Desorption, Dye, Dyes, FTIR, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Methylene Blue, Oil Palm Shell, Photocatalytic Degradation, Removal, TiO₂, TiO₂ Hydrosol, Yeast

? Chen, H., Dai, G.L., Zhao, J., Zhong, A.G., Wu, J.Y. and Yan, H. (2010), Removal of copper(II) ions by a biosorbent-Cinnamomum camphora leaves powder. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 228-236.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 228.pdf

Abstract: In the present study, Cinnamomum camphora leaves powder (CLP) was investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions. The biosorbents before and after adsorption were measured by EDS and FT-IR. Kinetic data and sorption equilibrium isotherms were carried out in batch process. The adsorption kinetic experiments revealed that there are three stages in the whole adsorption process. It was found that Cu(II) adsorption onto CLP for different initial Cu(II) concentrations all followed pseudo-second order kinetics and were mainly controlled by the film diffusion mechanism. Batch equilibrium results at different temperatures suggest that Cu(II) adsorption onto CLP can be described perfectly with Langmuir isotherm model compared to Freundlich and D-R isotherm models, and the characteristic parameters for each adsorption isotherm were also determined. Thermodynamic parameters calculated show that the adsorption process has been found to be endothermic in nature. The analysis for the values of the mean free energies of adsorption (E-a), the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and the effect of ionic strength all demonstrate that the whole adsorption process is mainly dominated by ion-exchange mechanism, accompanied by a certain amount of surface complexation which has been verified by variations in EDS and FT-IR spectra and pH value before and after adsorption. Regeneration studies show CLP possesses an excellent reusability. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetic, Analysis, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solution, Batch, Batch Process, Biosorbent, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Cationic Dye, Cinnamomum Camphora Leaf, Complexation, Copper, Copper(II), Cu(II), Cu(II), D-R Isotherm, Data, Diffusion, Eds, Endothermic, Energy, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherms, Experiments, Film Diffusion, Freundlich, FT-IR, FTIR, FTIR Spectra, Gibbs Free Energy, Heavy-Metal Ions, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ionexchange, Ionic Strength, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm Model, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Mechanism, Model, Models, pH, pH Value, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Regeneration, Removal, Reusability, Rights, Solutions, Sorption, Strength, Surface, Surface Complexation, Surface-Chemistry, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Value, Waste-Water

? Mera, N., Hirakawa, T., Sano, T., Takeuchi, K., Seto, Y. and Negishi, N. (2010), Removal of high concentration dimethyl methylphosphonate in the gas phase by repeated-batch reactions using TiO₂. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 274-280.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 274.pdf

Abstract: The aim of our study is to develop apparatuses that use TiO2 for effective decontamination of air contaminated by Sarin gas. We performed photocatalytic decomposition of gaseous dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) by TiO2 and identified the oxidization products. The high activity of TiO2 (0.01 g) was observed under UV-light irradiation and high concentration DMMP (33.5 mu M) was removed rapidly. On the other hand, DMMP was not decreased under UV-light irradiation without TiO2. This indicates that photocatalytic treatment is very effective for the removal of DMMP. Methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, methyl formate, CO, CO2 and H2O were detected as the primary products. In the gas phase, no highly poisonous substances were detected. In order to examine the performance of photocatalytic activity during long-term reactions, we performed photocatalytic decomposition by repeated-batch reactions using TiO2. High photocatalytic activities decreased gradually. Meanwhile, the strong adsorption of TiO2 against DMMP was observed as photocatalytic activities decreased. During the repeated-batch reactions with the sample scaled up (TiO2: 0.1 g), the total amount of removed DMMP reached 968.5 mu M by both photocatalytic decomposition and the strong adsorption of TiO2. These results suggest the possibility of removing large amounts of DMMP. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Aluminum-Oxide, CO, CO₂, Degradation, Dmmp, Metal-Oxides, Photocatalytic Decomposition, Photocatalytic Decomposition, Removal, Repeated-Batch Reactions, Simulants, TiO₂, Titanium-Dioxide, Treatment

? Wang, F.Y., Wang, H. and Ma, J.W. (2010), Adsorption of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solution by a new low-cost adsorbent-Bamboo charcoal. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 300-306.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 300.pdf

Abstract: Batch adsorption experiments were conducted for the adsorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution by bamboo charcoal. The results showed that the adsorption of Cd(II) ions was very fast initially and the equilibrium time was 6 h. High pH (>= 8.0) was favorable for the adsorption and removal of Cd(II) ions. Higher initial Cd concentrations led to lower removal percentages but higher adsorption capacity. As the adsorbent dose increased, the removal of Cd increased, while the adsorption capacity decreased. Adsorption kinetics of Cd(II) ions onto bamboo charcoal could be best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption behavior of Cd(II) ions fitted Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich isotherms well, but followed Langmuir isotherm most precisely, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 12.08 mg/g. EDS analysis confirmed that Cd(II) was adsorbed onto bamboo charcoal. This study demonstrated that bamboo charcoal could be used for the removal of Cd(II) ions in water treatment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dose, Adsorption, Adsorption Behavior, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetics, Agricultural Waste, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Bamboo, Batch Adsorption, Behavior, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd, Cd(II), Charcoal, Drinking-Water, EDS, Equilibrium, Experiments, Freundlich, Heavy-Metal Ions, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetics, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Lead, Low Cost, Model, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Removal, Rights, Solution, Sorption, Time, Treatment, Water, Water Treatment

? Botero, W.G., de Oliveira, L.C., Rocha, J.C., Rosa, A.H. and dos Santos, A. (2010), Peat humic substances enriched with nutrients for agricultural applications: Competition between nutrients and non-essential metals present in tropical soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials,