Personal Research Database

177 (1-3), 307-311.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 307.pdf

Abstract: Improved agricultural productivity, and reduction of environmental impacts, require studies of the interactions between different soil components. Fertilizers marketed as “organic” or “natural”, such as peats or humic substances (HS) extracted from peats, are enriched with macro and micronutrients that, according to the manufacturers, are released to the plant in accordance with its needs. This work investigates the complexation capacity of HS for macro and micronutrient metal species, considering the competition, for HS complexation sites, between non-essential metals (aluminium and lead), present in the soil, and the nutrients. Humic substances were found to possess strong affinities for Pb(II) and Al(III), forming stable complexes, with concomitant release of complexed nutrients. Although HS are already used commercially as organic fertilizers, further studies of methods of HS enrichment, aimed at avoiding losses, are highly desirable from environmental and economic perspectives. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acids, Adsorption, Agricultural Application, Aluminium, Brazilian Soils, C-13, Cadmium, Competition, Extraction, Fractionation, Humic Substances, Lead, Nickel, NMR, Nutrients, Pb(II), Peat Humic Substances, Soil, Soils, Toxic Metals, Zinc

? Hasan, S.H., Srivastava, P. and Talat, M. (2010), Biosorption of lead using immobilized Aeromonas hydrophila biomass in up flow column system: Factorial design for process optimization. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 312-322.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 312.pdf

Abstract: Free and immobilized biomass of Aeromonas hydrophila has been utilized for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Fitness of Langmuir sorption model to the sorption data indicated the sorption was monolayer and uptake capacity of biomass was 163.9 and 138.88 mg/g for the free and immobilized biomass respectively. 85.38% Pb(II) removal was achieved at bed height of 19 cm and flow rate of 2 mL/min and BDST model was in a good agreement with the experimental results (r(2) > 0.997). An attempt has been made to optimize the process conditions for the maximum removal using Central Composite Design with the help of Minitab (R) 15 software and the result predicted by optimization plots was 88.27% which is close to the experimental data i.e. 85.38%. Sorption-desorption studies revealed that polysulfone immobilized biomass could reused up to 16 cycles and bed was completely exhaust after 33 cycles. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Aeromonas Hydrophila, Aqueous-Solution, Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) Model, Biomass, Biosorption, Central Composite Design (CCD), Composite, Fixed-Bed Column, Fungal Biomass, Heavy-Metals, Langmuir, Lead, Pb(II), Pinus-Sylvestris, Process Variables, Removal, Response-Surface Methodology, Sorption, Sorption-Desorption, System, Waste

? Yamamoto, T., Kataoka, S. and Ohmori, T. (2010), Characterization of carbon cryogel microspheres as adsorbents for VOC. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 331-335.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 331.pdf

Abstract: Adsorption characteristics of carbon cryogel microspheres (CC microspheres) with controlled porous structure composed of mesopores (2 nm < d(p) < 50 nm; d(p) is pore diameter) and micropores (d(p) < 2 nm) were studied to examine their suitability as adsorbents for a volatile organic compound (VOC). The amount of toluene, as a model VOC, adsorbed on the CC microspheres could be changed by varying either the size of the mesopores or the volume of the micropores. The peak temperature of the temperature-programmed desorption profiles of toluene from the CC microspheres was higher than that from granular activated carbon (GAC) with numerous micropores, indicating that toluene is adsorbed more strongly on CC microspheres than on GAC. To permit the practical use of CC microspheres, the adsorption characteristic of moisture on CC microspheres and GAC were evaluated. The effect of adsorption of moisture on the gas permeation property of an adsorption module prepared from the CC microspheres was also examined. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Carbon Cryogel Microsphere, Characterization, Desorption, Differential Heat of Adsorption, GAC, Gas Phase Adsorption, Nanotubes, Permeation, Pore, Porous Structure, Removal, Sorbent, Toluene, Volatile Organic Compound, Volatile Organic-Compounds

? Vieira, M.G.A., Neto, A.F.A., Gimenes, M.L. and da Silva, M.G.C. (2010), Sorption kinetics and equilibrium for the removal of nickel ions from aqueous phase on calcined Bofe bentonite clay. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 362-371.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 362.pdf

Abstract: In this paper the kinetics and dynamics of nickel adsorption on calcined Bofe bentonite clay were studied. The clay was characterized through EDX, surface area (BET) and XRD analysis. The influence of parameters (pH, amount of adsorbent, adsorbate concentration and temperature) was investigated. Kinetic models were evaluated in order to identify potential adsorption process mechanisms. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were utilized for the analysis of adsorption equilibrium. Thermodynamic parameters were assessed as a function of the process temperature. The kinetics data were better represented by the second-order model. The process was found to be strongly influenced by the factors studied. The Bofe clay removed nickel with maximum adsorption capacity of 1.91 mg metal/g of clay (20 degrees C; pH 5.3) and that the thermodynamic data indicated that the adsorption reaction is spontaneous and of an exothermal nature. The Langmuir model provided the best fit for sorption isotherms. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Analysis, Bentonite Clay, Capacity, Clay, Desorption, Equilibrium, Heavy Metal Removal, Heavy-Metal, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir and Freundlich Models, Langmuir Model, Mechanisms, Model, Montmorillonite, Nickel, Nickel Ions, pH, Phenol, Removal, Sawdust, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Water, XRD

? Černigoj, U., Štangar, U.L. and Jirkovský, J. (2010), Effect of dissolved ozone or ferric ions on photodegradation of thiacloprid in presence of different TiO₂ catalysts. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 399-406.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 399.pdf

Abstract: Combining TiO2 photocatalysis with inorganic oxidants (such as O-3 and H2O2) or transition metal ions (Fe3+, Cu2+ and Ag+) often leads to a synergic effect. Electron transfer between TiO2 and the oxidant is usually involved. Accordingly, the degree of synergy could be influenced by TiO2 surface area. With this in mind, the disappearance of thiacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, was studied applying various photochemical AOPs and different TiO2 photocatalysts. In photocatalytic ozonation experiments, synergic effect of three different TiO2 photocatalysts was quantified. Higher surface area resulted in a more pronounced synergic effect but an increasing amount of TiO2 did not influence the degree of the synergy. This supports the theory that the synergy is a consequence of adsorption of ozone on the TiO2 surface. No synergy was observed in photocatalytic degradation of thiacloprid in the presence of dissolved iron(III) species performed under varied experimental conditions (concentration, age of iron(III) solution, different TiO2 films, usage of TiO2 slurries). This goes against the literature for different organic compounds (i.e., monuron). It indicates different roles of iron(III) in the photodegradation of different organic molecules. Moreover, TiO2 surface area did not affect photodegradation efficiency in iron(III)-based experiments which could confirm absence of electron transfer between TiO2 photocatalyst and iron(III). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Suspensions, Compounds, Degradation, Films, Iron, Literature, Metal Ions, Molecules, Neonicotionoid Pesticides, Organic Compounds, Ozonation, Ozonation, Photocatalysis, Photocatalytic Oxidation, Pollutants, Surface Area, System, TiO₂, TiO₂ Photocatalysis, Titanium-Dioxide, Transition Metal Ions, Water

? Palacio, L.A., Velásquez, J., Echavarría, A., Faro, A., Ribeiro, F.R. and Ribeiro, M.F. (2010), Total oxidation of toluene over calcined trimetallic hydrotalcites type catalysts. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 407-413.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 407.pdf

Abstract: Two trimetallic ZnCuAl and MnCuAl hydrotalcites have been successfully synthesized by a co-precipitation method. The manganese based material was identified as a new hydrotalcite phase. Both lamellar precursors were calcined at 450 and 600 degrees C and the resulting catalysts were tested on reaction of total oxidation of toluene. The solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, N-2 adsorption and H-2 temperature-programmed reduction. It was found that ZnCuAl materials are composed of copper and zinc oxides supported on alumina; while MnCuAl ones comprise basically spinel phases, which were not completely identified. The catalytic behavior of the calcined samples showed that Mn hydrotalcite calcined at 450 degrees C exhibited the best catalytic performance that corresponds to 100% toluene conversion into CO2 at about 300 degrees C. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Analysis, Behavior, Co2, Combustion, Combustion, Copper, Cu, H-2, Hydrotalcite, Infrared, Layered Double Hydroxides, Mixed Oxides, Mn, Oxidation, Physicochemical Properties, Precursors, Thermal-Decomposition, Toluene, VOCs, Volatile Organic-Compounds, X-Ray Diffraction, Zinc

? Vimonses, V., Jin, B. and Chow, C.W.K. (2010), Insight into removal kinetic and mechanisms of anionic dye by calcined clay materials and lime. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 420-427.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 420.pdf

Abstract: Our recent work reported that a mixed adsorbent with natural clay materials and lime demonstrated an enhanced capacity and efficiency to remove anionic Congo Red dye from wastewater. This study aims to investigate the removal kinetic and mechanisms of the mixed materials involved in the decolourisation of the dye to maximise their prospective applications for industrial wastewater treatment. The experimental results showed that dye removal was governed by combined physiochemical reactions of adsorption, ion-exchange, and precipitation. Ca-dye precipitation contributed over 70% total dye removal, followed by adsorption and ion-exchange. The dye removal kinetic followed the pseudo-second-order expression and was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model. This study indicated pH was a key parameter to govern the removal mechanisms, i.e. adsorption/coagulation at acidic pH and precipitation at basic condition. Yet, the overall removal efficiency was found to be independent to the operation conditions, resulting in more than 94% dye removal. This work revealed that the mixed clays and lime can be applied as alternative low-cost adsorbents for industrial wastewater treatment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Alternative, Aqueous-Solution, Bentonite, Ca(OH)₂, Fly Ash Sorbents, Calcined, Capacity, Clay, Clay Materials, Clays, Congo Red, Congo-Red, Dye, Dye Removal, Efficiency, Equilibrium, Experimental, Expression, Fly-Ash, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Freundlich Isotherm Model, Industrial Wastewater, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ionexchange, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Lime, Low Cost, Low Cost Adsorbents, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Mechanisms, Model, Natural, Natural Clay, Operation, pH, Phosphorus, Precipitation, Process Design, Prospective, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Removal Kinetic Mechanisms, Rights, Sorption, Treatment, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment, Work

? Li, Z.Z., Imaizumi, S., Katsumi, T., Inui, T., Tang, X.W. and Tang, Q. (2010), Manganese removal from aqueous solution using a thermally decomposed leaf. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 501-507.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 501.pdf

Abstract: As a significant agricultural and industrial raw material, Mn(II) has been intensively used and widely distributed in the environment. Recent studies indicate that Mn(II) could cause acute toxicity to aqueous livings and human beings. The treatment of Mn(II) contained wastewater is stringent for environmental preservations. This paper attempts to testify the performance of Mn(II) adsorption by a novel adsorbent, natural leaf that was partially decomposed at moderate temperature. The isothermal adsorption shows high prevalence for Mn(II) with adsorption capacity determined at 61-66 mg g(-1). Various factors including adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature and equilibration time were investigated regarding the effects on Mn(II) adsorption. It was shown that a rapid equilibration within 30 min could be achieved at pH values as low as 4.0 while an endothermic and spontaneous process could be disclosed with enthalpy change ranged from 13 to 0.78 kJ mol(-1) and the entropy change ranged from 35.79 to 11.58 kJ mol(-1) from 5 to 55 C, separately. Spectroscopy study revealed chemisorptions relevant to phosphate, ferrous oxide and carbonate groups, and a physisorption on carbon black, which were main components of the adsorbent. No obvious linkage was observed between Mn(II) adsorption and the amine group which is critical to heavy metal adsorption in previous studies. The proposed preparation method and the basic guidelines regarding the adsorbents’ selection seem promising in the engineering practices. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Biosorption, Carbon Nanotubes, Cd(II), Cobalt, Decomposition, Equilibrium, Heavy Metal, Heavy-Metal Ions, Leaf, Manganese, Metal Adsorption, Mn(II), Mn(II), Nickel, pH, Removal, Toxicity, Treatment, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment

? Zhang, X.X., Wei, C.H., He, Q.C. and Ren, Y. (2010), Enrichment of chlorobenzene and o-nitrochlorobenzene on biomimetic adsorbent prepared by poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 508-515.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 508.pdf

Abstract: Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) was used as a new material to prepare a biomimetic adsorbent by a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The enrichment capacities of the adsorbent for the toxic liposoluble organic compounds were evaluated by chlorobenzene (CB) and o-nitrochlorobenzene (o-NCB) with the adsorption isotherms, enrichment factor (EF) and enrichment kinetics. The results showed that Sips isotherm fitted the experimental data better than Langmuir and Freundlich models, as well as the pseudo-second order kinetic model fitted better than the first order model. For CB and o-NCB, the maximum adsorption capacity was 125.99 and 39.56 mg g^-1, while the maximum EF was 1204 and 1149 at 20ºC for 36 h, though the specific surface area (BET) of the adsorbent was only 8.45 m² g^-1. CB had a higher EF than o-NCB because the hydrophilic group (-NO₂) decreases the liposoluble ability of o-NCB. K-ow has a positive correlation with EF, so the organochlorine compounds are liable to be adsorbed by the adsorbent. The results indicated that PHB, even polyhydroxyalkanoates, can be a new biodegradable adsorption material. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, Aerobic Degradation, BET, Biomimetic Adsorbent, Capacity, China, Chlorinated Pesticides, Chlorobenzene, Correlation, Data, Double Emulsion, Drinking-Water, Emulsion, Enrichment, Enrichment Factor, Experimental, First, First Order, Freundlich, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Model, Models, Modified, NO₂, O-Nitrochlorobenzene, Organic, Organic Compounds, Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB), Polychlorinated-Biphenyls, Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Resins, Rights, River, Specific Surface, Specific Surface Area, Surface, Surface Area, Toxic, Waste-Water

? Cheng, X., Huang, X.R., Wang, X.Z. and Sun, D.Z. (2010), Influence of calcination on the adsorptive removal of phosphate by Zn-Al layered double hydroxides from excess sludge liquor. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 516-523.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 516.pdf

Abstract: The influence of calcination of Zn-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) on their phosphate adsorption capacity was studied in order to improve phosphorus removal from an excess sludge liquor. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption were employed to characterize the raw Zn-Al and the calcined products. The results reveal that the Zn-Al LDHs evolved to a phase of mixed metal oxides with the calcination temperature increasing to 300°C and finally to spinel ZnAl₂O₄ at 600°C. When the Zn-Al was calcined at 300°C, the interlayer carbonate ions were removed and the greatest BET surface area of 81.20 m²/g was achieved. The tested phosphate adsorption capacities of the raw and calcined Zn-Al were closely related to the evolution of physicochemical properties of the LDHs during the calcination. The Zn-Al-300 (Zn-Al LDHs calcined at 300°C) exhibited the highest P uptake of 41.26 mg P/g in 24 h. The phosphate adsorption by the raw Zn-Al and the Zn-Al-300 both follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model; the adsorption isotherms show a good fit with a Langmuir-type equation. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption-Desorption, Aqueous-Solutions, BET, BET Surface Area, Calcination, Calcined, Calorimetry, Capacity, Carbonate, Coir Pith, Electron Microscopy, Evolution, Exchange, Fluoride, FTIR, Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Layered Double Hydroxides, Metal, Model, Nitrogen, Oxides, P, Phosphate, Phosphate Adsorption, Phosphorus, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Recovery, Removal, Removal Of Phosphate, Rights, Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM, Sludge, Sludge Liquor, Spectroscopy, Spinel, Surface, Surface Area, Temperature, Thermal-Decomposition, Uptake, Waste-Water, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD, Zn-Al Layered Double Hydroxides

? Han, J.G., Hong, K.K., Kim, Y.W. and Lee, J.Y. (2010), Enhanced electrokinetic (E/K) remediation on copper contaminated soil by CFW (carbonized foods waste). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 530-538.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 530.pdf

Abstract: The E/K remediation method is presented to purify low permeable contaminated soils due to Cu2+, and carbonized foods waste (CFW) was used as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) material. For adsorption and precipitation of the Cu2+ in the PRB during its motion, PRB was installed in a zone of rapidly changing pH values. The adsorption efficiency of CFW used as PRB material was found to be 4-8 times more efficient than that of Zeolite. Throughout the experiment, a voltage slope of 1 V/cm was implemented and acetic acid was injected on the anode to increase the remediation efficiency. The electrode exchange was executed to more completely remove precipitated heavy metals in the vicinity of the cathode. The majority of Cu2+ was adsorbed or sedimented by CFW prior to the exchange of the electrode, and the remaining quantity of precipitated Cu2+ on the cathode had decreased with an increase in the operating time. Experiments of seven cases with different E/K operating times were performed, and the average removal ratios were 53.4-84.6%. The removal efficiencies for the majority of cases increased proportionally with an increase in the operating time. After the experiments were completed, the adsorbed Cu2+ on CFW was 75-150 mg. This means that the role of CFW as the material in PRB for remediating heavy metals was confirmed. The cost of energies needed to remove Cu2+, CFW, and acetic acid are estimated at US$ 13.3-40/m(3). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Carbonized Foods Waste (CFW), Clay, Copper, E, K, Electrokinetic, Electroosmosis, Extraction, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB), pH, Polarity Reversal, Remediation, Removal, Soil, Soils, Zeolite

? Binupriya, A.R., Sathishkumar, M., Vijayaraghavan, K. and Yun, S.I. (2010), Bioreduction of trivalent aurum to nano-crystalline gold particles by active and inactive cells and cell-free extract of Aspergillus oryzae var. viridis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 539-545.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 539.pdf

Abstract: Bioreduction efficacy of both active (AB) and inactive (IB) cells/biomass of Aspergillus oryzae var. viridis and their respective cell-free extracts (ACE and ICE) to convert trivalent aurum to gold nanoparticles were tested in the present study. Strong plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles was observed between 540 and 560 nm in the samples obtained from AB, IB, ACE and ICE. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to examine the formation of gold nanoparticles. Comparing all four forms of A. oryzae var. viridis, ICE showed high gold nanoparticle productivity. The nanoparticles formed were quite uniform in shape and ranged in size from 10 to 60 nm. In addition some triangle, pentagon and hexagon-shaped nanoplates with size range of 30-400 nm were also synthesized especially at lower pH. Organics from the inactive cells are believed to be responsible for reduction of trivalent aurum to nano-sized gold particles. Organic content of the ICE was found to be double the amount of ACE. High productivity of gold nanoparticles by metabolic-independent process opens up an interesting area of nanoparticle synthesis using waste fungal biomass from industries. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Active And Inactive Biomass, Aqueous-Solution, Aspergillus Oryzae Var.Viridis, Au, Biomass, Bioreduction, Biosorption, Cell-Free Extract, Dilute-Solutions, Extracellular Biosynthesis, Gold Nanoparticles, Mediated Biosynthesis, Nanoparticles, pH, Pretreated Biomass, Rapid Synthesis, Silver Nanoparticles, Synthesis, TEM, Waste-Water, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD

? Shen, C.S., Song, S.F., Zang, L.L., Kang, X.D., Wen, Y.Z., Liu, W.P. and Fu, L.S. (2010), Efficient removal of dyes in water using chitosan microsphere supported cobalt (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine with H₂O₂. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 560-566.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 560.pdf

Abstract: A new efficient catalyst, CoTSPc@chitosan, was developed by immobilizing water soluble cobalt (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine onto adsorbent chitosan microspheres covalently for the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of C. I. Acid Red 73 with H2O2. The result indicated that the COD removal and discoloration of C. I. Acid Red 73 made 55 and 95% respectively in the presence of CoTSPc@chitosan with H2O2 in 4h. In addition, CoTSPc@chitosan-H2O2 system could proceed efficiently in a relatively wide pH range and remain high catalytic activity after 6 reuse cycles. Furthermore, the adsorption study of CoTSPc@chitosan confirmed that chitosan was an outstanding support which contributed a lot to the removal reaction. In conclusion, the combination of adsorption process and catalytic oxidation made the CoTSPc@chitosan-H2O2 system achieve a simple, efficiently and environmentally friendly water treatment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Aromatic-Compounds, Catalysts, Chitosan, COD, Cod Removal, Dye, Dyes, Hydrogen Peroxide, Hydrogen-Peroxide, Liquid-Phase, Metallophthalocyanine, Oxidation, pH, Phthalocyanine, Removal, Reuse, Selective Oxidation, Sorption, System, Treatment, Visible-Light, Water, Water Treatment

? Hou, D.Y., Wang, J., Sun, X.C., Luan, Z.K., Zhao, C.W. and Ren, X.J. (2010), Boron removal from aqueous solution by direct contact membrane distillation. Journal of Hazardous Materials,