Renaissance = Rebirth

Renaissance = Rebirth

• Renaissance = Rebirth

• Jacob Burkhardt

• Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860)

• Urban Society

• Age of Recovery

• Rebirth of Greco-Roman culture

• Emphasis on individual ability

Economic Recovery

• Economic Recovery

• Italian cities lose economic supremacy
• Hanseatic League
• Manufacturing
• Textiles, Printing, Mining and Metallurgy
• Banking
• Florence and the Medici

The Nobility

• The Nobility

• Reconstruction of the Aristocracy
• Aristocracy: 2 – 3 percent of the population

• Baldassare Castiglione (1478 – 1529(

• The Book of the Courtier (1528)
• Service to the prince

Peasants

• Peasants

• Peasants: 85 – 90 percent of population
• Decline of manorial system and serfdom

• Urban Society

• Patricians
• Petty burghers, shopkeepers, artisans, guildmasters, and guildsmen
• The Poor and Unemployed
• Slaves

Arranged Marriages

• Arranged Marriages

• Father-husband head of family

• Wife managed household

• Childbirth

• Sexual Norms

Five Major Powers

• Five Major Powers

• Milan
• Venice
• Florence
• The Medici
• The Papal States
• Kingdom of Naples

• The Role of Women

• France and Spain fight over the peninsula

• Modern diplomatic system

Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 – 1527)

• Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 – 1527)

• The Prince
• Acquisition, maintenance and expansion of political power

Italian Renaissance Humanism

• Italian Renaissance Humanism

• Humanism based on Greco-Roman literature
• Petrarch (1304 – 1374)
• Civic Humanism – Florence
• Leonardo Bruni (1370 – 1444)
• New Cicero
• Humanism and Philosophy
• Marsilio Ficino (1433 – 1499)
• Translates Plato’s dialogues
• Synthesis of Christianity and Platonism
• Renaissance Hermeticism
• Corpus Hermeticum
• Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463 – 1494)
• Oration on the Dignity of Man

Education in the Renaissance

• Education in the Renaissance

• Liberal Studies: history, moral philosophy, eloquence (rhetoric), letters (grammar and logic), poetry, mathematics, astronomy and music
• Education of Women
• Aim of Education was to create a complete citizen
• Francesco Guicciardini

• The Impact of Printing

• Johannes Gutenberg
• Movable type (1445 – 1450)
• Gutenberg’s Bible (1455 or 1456)
• The Spread of Printing

Early Renaissance

• Early Renaissance

• Masaccio (1401 – 1428)
• Perspective and Organization
• Movement and Anatomical Structure

• Donato di Donatello (1386 – 1466)

• David

• Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – 1446)

• Church of San Lorenzo

• Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519)

• Last Supper

• Raphael (1483 – 1520)

• School of Athens

• Michelangelo (1475 – 1564)

• The Sistine Chapel

Jan van Eyck (c. 1380 – 1441)

• Jan van Eyck (c. 1380 – 1441)

• Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride

• Albrecht Dürer (1471 – 1528)

• Adoration of the Magi

• Music in the Renaissance

• Guillaume Dufay

The Renaissance State in Western Europe

• The Renaissance State in Western Europe

• France
• Louis XI the Spider King (1461 – 1483)
• England
• War of the Roses
• Henry VII Tudor (1485 – 1509)
• Spain
• Unification of Castile and Aragón
• Establishment of professional royal army
• Religious uniformity
• The Inquisition
• Conquest of Granada
• Expulsion of the Jews

Central Europe: The Holy Roman Empire

• Central Europe: The Holy Roman Empire

• Habsburg Dynasty
• Maximilian I (1493 – 1519)

• The Struggle for Strong Monarchy in Eastern Europe

• Poland
• Hungary
• Russia

• The Ottoman Turks and the end of the Byzantine Empire

• Seljuk Turks spread into Byzantine territory
• Constantinople falls to the Turks (1453)

The Problem of Heresy and Reform

• The Problem of Heresy and Reform

• John Hus (1374 – 1415)
• Urged the elimination of worldliness and corruption of the clergy
• Burned at the stake (1415)
• Church Councils
• The Papacy

• The Renaissance Papacy

• Julius II (1503 – 1513)
• “Warrior Pope”
• Nepotism
• Patrons of Culture
• Leo X (1513 – 1521)

What social changes did the Renaissance bring about?

• What social changes did the Renaissance bring about?

• How did Machiavelli deal with the issue of political power?

• How did the printing press change European society?

• What technical achievements did Renaissance artists make? Why were they significant?

• What was the significance of The War of the Roses in England?

• How did the popes handle the growing problems that were emerging in the Church in the Fifteenth and early Sixteenth Century?