Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Graduate Studies Department of Electrical Engineering

Problem Statement: 
A solar tracker is using in various systems for the improvement of harnessing 
of solar radiation. The problem that the implementation of a system, which is 
capable of enhancing production of power by 30-40%.
The research problem can be summarized in how to create and design a 
Tracker microprocessor, using axes and step motor, taking into account finding 
a solution to the problem of the alternation of night and day, and the factors that 
affect the natural sunrise. 
Objective: 
Design a solar tracker to achieve the maximum power produced from a solar cell 
at any time, Solve the problem of different classes and the factors that affect the 
natural rays fall on the cell and solve the problem of stopping the cell at night 
and daytime running system. 
Methodology: 
The circuit of the solar tracker system is dividing into three sections. Firstly, 
there is the input stage that is composed of sensors and potentiometers, secondly 
a program in BASCOM software in the microcontroller and lastly the driving 
circuit that has the stepper motor. The input stage has two LDRs that are so 
arranging to form a voltage divider circuit. A C program loaded into the 
Atmega16 forms by BASCOM and PROTEUS software. A metallic frame 
houses the components. The three stages are designing independently before 
being joining into one system. This approach, similar to stepwise refinement in 
modular programming, that has been employed to ensure an accurate and logical 
approach, which is straightforward and easy to understand and also ensures that 
if there is any error, it will be independently considered and corrected. 

---

4 
Thesis Layout: 
 
This chapter has represented a general overview, a problem and a methodology 
to solve the problem. Chapter Two is providing a literature review and tracking 
system.
Chapter Three is given an introduction to solar Energy and
Solar energy in 
Sudan. Chapter Four is showing the circuit components precisely like stepper 
motor, (LDR), microcontroller (Atmega16), and the drive components. Also is 
providing the installation of the circuit components and the operation of all of 
them. 
Chapter Five is discussed the result which has been obtained from solar tracker 
system after using BASCOM and PROTEUS programs. Lastly, Chapter Six is 
composed of conclusion and recommendations.