vi
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... iii
Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ v
Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................. vi
List of Tables and Figures ................................................................................................................ ix
A Note on Spellings .......................................................................................................................... xi
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1
0.1 Research Aims .......................................................................................................................... 1
0.2 Historiography .......................................................................................................................... 5
0.3 Research Questions and Thesis Outline .............................................................................12
Chapter 1: Sources for Tournament Culture in the Time of Maximilian I ..............................16
1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................16
1.2 Narrative Sources ...................................................................................................................16
1.2.a Maximilian through the Eyes of His Contemporaries ................................................... 19
1.3 Visual Sources ........................................................................................................................32
1.3 Maximilian’s Personal Works ...............................................................................................39
1.5 Material Culture ......................................................................................................................46
1.6 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................46
Chapter 2: Tournaments in the Life and Career of Maximilian .................................................48
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................48
2.2 The Burgundian Inheritence and Influences .....................................................................50
2.3 Archduke of Austria and King of the Romans .................................................................65
2.4 Maximilian as Emperor and the Establishment of Tournaments in his Court ............73
2.5 A New Century and Consolidation of Power ....................................................................91
2.6 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 102
Chapter 3: The Language of the Tournament and Varieties of the Joust ............................. 106
3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 106
3.2 Tournament Terminology and the Difficulties of Translation .................................... 107
3.2.a The
Etymology of Gestech and
Rennen ............................................................................. 109
3.2.b The Trouble with ‘Joust of War’ and ‘Joust of Peace’ ................................................. 111
3.2.c Primary Source Variation ................................................................................................. 114
vii
3.3. The Tourney ........................................................................................................................ 119
3.3.a The
Kolbenturnier ................................................................................................................. 121
3.4 The
Gestech ............................................................................................................................ 123
3.4.a The
Deutschgestech ............................................................................................................... 123
3.4.b The
Welschgestech ................................................................................................................ 124
3.4.c The
Hohenzeuggestech .......................................................................................................... 128
3.4.d The
Gestech im Beinharnisch ................................................................................................ 129
3.5 The
Rennen ............................................................................................................................ 131
3.5.a The
Welschrennen ................................................................................................................ 133
3.5.b The
Geschiftrennen ............................................................................................................... 134
3.5.c The
Scheibenrennen .............................................................................................................. 135
3.5.d The
Schweifrennen ................................................................................................................ 135
3.5.e The
Bundrennen ................................................................................................................... 136
3.5.f The
Feldrennen ..................................................................................................................... 138
3.5.g The
Wulstrennen .................................................................................................................. 139
3.5.h The
Pfannenrennen .............................................................................................................. 140
3.6 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 141
Chapter 4: Tournament Equipment – Practical......................................................................... 145
4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 145
4.2
Arms and Armour for the Rennen and the
Gestech ........................................................... 147
4.2.a The Lance and Vamplate ................................................................................................. 150
4.2.b The Shield .......................................................................................................................... 153
4.2.c The Helmet ........................................................................................................................ 155
4.2.d The Harness ...................................................................................................................... 156
4.3 Equestrian Armour ............................................................................................................. 157
4.4 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 159
Chapter 5: Tournament Equipment – Decorative .................................................................... 166
5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 166
5.2 The Caparison ...................................................................................................................... 169
5.3 The Lance ............................................................................................................................. 176
5.4 The Shield ............................................................................................................................. 178