Investigation of elements of water balance of lakes of Shchuchinsko-borovsky
resort zone in conditions of climate change.
M.T., Saduokassova
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1
Kazakh Hydrometeorology Service , Leading Researcher
Keywords: Water balance, air temperature, precipitation, evaporation and lakes.
Introduction
The calculation of the water balance of the main lakes in the Shchuchinsk-Borovoye resort
zone (Burabai, Shortan and Ulken Shabakty) and its elements over a long period, revealing
changes in the water balance of lakes at the beginning of the 21st century compared with the
second half of the 20th century under conditions of climate change is considered.
The lakes of
Kazakhstan from the point of view of economic interests are one of the most important
sources of natural resources. Their waters are widely used for water supply of various kinds,
fishing, chemical industry and other purposes. In connection with the newly created socio-
economic and political conditions, the development of international relations and tourism, the
interest of the local population and foreign citizens to use the lakes of the Republic as places of
treatment and recreation has increased. These circumstances require a detailed hydrological
study of the lakes for their rational, integrated use and protection.
Materials and methods
The aim of the work is to calculate the water balance of the main lakes in the Shchuchinsk-
Borovoye resort zone and its elements over a long period, to reveal
changes in the water
balance of lakes in the early 21st century in comparison with the second half of the 20th
century and the reasons for the changes. Methods used in the work:
- restoration of passes by the analogy method;
- analysis of difference-integral curves of annual precipitation sums, average annual air
temperature and humidity deficit;
- construction of communication curves;
- the method of water balance for blind lakes.
Meteorological and hydrological data of Kazakh Hydrometeorology Service were used in the
work.
Results
The carried out researches of the lakes Shortan, Burabai and Ulken Shabakty showed that by
the beginning of the 21st century, under the conditions of climate change
in the water
balance, there were significant changes, namely, evaporation from snow and water surface of
lakes. The temperature rises by 1..1.5 0 C, which increases the deficit of air humidity.
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Kazakhstan is a country with a scarcity of water resources, the Shchuchinsk-Borovoye resort
zone is of national importance. Calculations carried out during my work show the state of the
water balance of lakes and give grounds for implementing measures to preserve the beautiful
corner of Kazakhstan.
Discussion
Lakes Shortan, Burabai and Ulken Shabakty are located in the north of the Akmola region of
the Republic of Kazakhstan, they are included in the system of lakes Shchuchinsko-Borovskoy
resort zone (SHBKZ). In addition
to these reservoirs, this system includes: Kishi Shabakty,
Qatarkol, Zhukey, Maibalyk, Tekekol, Karasye and Sulukol. In 1956, seven out of ten lakes,
including Shortan, Burabai and Ulken Shabakty, were surveyed during the work of the virgin
and fallow lands development expedition in Northern Kazakhstan [1]. Systematic observations
of the level of the ShchBKZ lakes at the beginning of the 21st century were made only on the
lake. Shortan, Burabai and Ulken Shabakty.
Lakes of SCBKZ are drainless, the number of
flowing lakes is small [1]. The state of the lakes is mainly determined by climatic conditions:
the amount of precipitation and the amount of evaporation depending on the temperature
and humidity deficit. Figure 1 shows the difference-integral curve of the annual precipitation
sums for the Shchuchinsk meteorological station for 1935 ... 2017.
Figure 1 - Difference-integral
curve of the
annual precipitation sums of the weather
station Shchuchinsk for 1935 ... 2017.
Figure 2 - Difference-integral curve of the
mean annual air temperature of the weather
station Shchuchinsk for 1935 ... 2017.
The curve in Figure 1 indicates the absence of certain, both positive and negative trends,
changes in moisture. Figure 2 shows the difference-integral
curve of the mean annual air
temperature for the weather station Shchuchinsk for 1935 ... 2017. During the analysis of the
integral curve, shown in Figure 2, 3 periods were identified:
1.The first period of 38 years (1935. 1973) is 1.030C, which characterizes the climatic
conditions of the mid-20th century;
2.The second period of 20 years (1974 ... 1993) is 1.470C, shows the increase in the average
annual air temperature during the transition to a new climatic period;
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