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Isoniazid (INH): Isoniazid is one of the most critical drugs in TB treatment. It targets actively dividing bacteria and is highly effective when taken as prescribed.

Rifampin (RIF): Rifampin is another key first-line drug. It is particularly effective at targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and preventing its replication.

Pyrazinamide (PZA): Pyrazinamide is used to target dormant TB bacteria, which are not affected by some other drugs. It is especially useful during the initial phase of TB treatment.

Ethambutol (EMB): Ethambutol is often used in combination with the other first-line drugs to prevent drug resistance. It targets the cell wall of the bacteria.

Second-Line Drugs: Second-line drugs are used when the TB bacteria have developed resistance to one or more first-line drugs. These drugs are generally less effective, may have more side effects, and are used in cases of drug-resistant TB.

1. 
   Fluoroquinolones (e.g., Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin): These drugs are sometimes used as second-line options and are effective against some drug-resistant TB strains.
   
2. 
   Injectable Antibiotics (e.g., Amikacin, Kanamycin, Capreomycin): Injectable drugs are often used in combination with other second-line drugs for drug-resistant TB.
   
3. 
   Cycloserine and Terizidone: These drugs are used in some cases of drug-resistant TB and act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
   
4. 
   Linezolid: Linezolid is an antibiotic used when other second-line drugs fail. It is effective against extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB).
   
5. 
   Bedaquiline: Bedaquiline is a newer drug used for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and is considered a breakthrough in TB treatment.
   
6. 
   Delamanid: Delamanid is used in combination with other drugs for MDR-TB and is particularly effective in some cases.
   

The treatment of TB requires a carefully designed regimen, often involving a combination of several drugs taken over several months or even years. The choice of drugs and the duration of treatment depend on factors such as the type of TB (drug-susceptible or drug-resistant), the patient's medical history, and the specific strain of TB involved. It is crucial for patients to complete their entire course of treatment as prescribed to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains and to ensure a successful outcome. TB treatment is often overseen by healthcare professionals and may require regular monitoring.

show which are the most effective drugs used against tuberculosis and the chemical structure of their active substance

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I can provide you with the names of the most effective drugs used against tuberculosis (TB) and a brief description of their active substances, but I cannot display chemical structures directly. However, I can guide you on how to find chemical structures using chemical databases like PubChem or ChemSpider.
Here are the most effective drugs used against TB along with their active substances: