Kazuhiko Nakano, Atsuo Amano and Takashi Ooshima
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alveolar bone due to mechanical injury at the periodontal sulcus, termed ―acute
periodontitis,‖ are also encountered. Furthermore, an unintentional attachment loss, when
materials such as small plastic tubes being fitted to the teeth are inserted, is a unique type
of periodontitis in young children. It should be noted that periodontitis associated with
anatomical anomalies, which are derived from fragile periodontal attachment, is also
encountered.
Considering the etiology of periodontitis, it is important to identify periodontitis-
related bacterial species, since the disease is generally known to be caused by specific
bacteria. However, most of those belong to the obligate anaerobic group, and it is
difficult and time-consuming to isolate them. On the other hand, recent developments in
molecular biological techniques have enabled rapid identification of species using
bacterial DNA extracted from various kinds of clinical specimens. Such approaches do
not require isolation of viable bacteria and even small amounts of DNA can be detected
using PCR techniques. With such modern techniques, we have evaluated the distribution
of periodontal bacterial
species in children, changes of species
in the same subjects over a
long interval, combinations of species simultaneously detected, and mother-to-child
transmission. In addition, the distributions of bacterial species in children with Down‘s
syndrome and other developmental disabilities have been analyzed. Our results have
provided valuable information regarding bacterial profiles in clinical specimens, which
should lead to further beneficial methods for clinical use in the near future.
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