Ahmet Uzun,
Metin Kaya, Latif Aydos, Mehmet Fatih Yüksel,
Serdar Uslu
158
integral
,455
,660
,800
,108
,668
,001
,394
,010
Left feet time pressure
integral
-,419
,287
,305
,446(*)
,310
,801(**)
,232
,659(**)
,066
,220
,191
,049
,183
,000
,325
,002
** P < 0.01 * P < 0.05
The magnitude of linear relationship between the cline parameters for categorical
comparisons of physical structure and plantar parameters of elite folk dancers and control
group is investigated by calculating Pearson’s (r9 coefficient. The comparisons age, height,
body weight and BMI and peak pressure, average maximal pressure and
time pressure integral
is found to be statistically meaningful (P<0.01-0.05) and positive relationships are
determined.
4. Discussion
In this study the peak pressure, average maximal pressure and time pressure integral values
between folk dancers and healthy individuals is investigated and differences between groups
are investigated by making right and left foot comparisons and checking of the literature for
related studies, possible pressure alterations ,in the plantar regions of the individuals who play
horon for long term.
The differences of age, body weight and body mass index between the folk dancer and
control group who participated in the study is found to be meaningful. It is observed that the
average age and average weight of the folk dancers are lower than the control group. When
the body mass index values are investigated the control group is found to be 26,59 ± 3,3
kg/m² and folk dancers are found to be 23,58 ± 2,2 kg/m² and it is determined that the body
mass index of the control group is meaningfully higher than the folk dancers. It can be
postulated that this situation is aroused as a result of inactive life style of the control group.
In the comparison of peak pressure in the total of 11 contact areas between folk dancers
and control group, differences between the averages (Table 2) in the folk dancers are found to
be % 30,91 in right foot medial, % 22,42 in heel lateral, % 27,5 beginning of 2
nd
metatarsal
and % 36,2 in the beginning of left foot 3
rd
metatarsal ve % 79,79 in the 5
th
metatarsal lower
in a statistically meaningful level. It is observed that right or left all the average values are
higher in the folk dancers. In the all parameters of the other contact areas it is observed that
the control group has higher values but the differences between the averages of control group
are not statistically meaningful. In a study which investigates the effect of volleyball to the
plantar peak pressure values, it is stated that the differences between averages of female
volleyball players and sedentary individuals is found to be %38,8 in right feet total and %19,8
left foot middle part higher for the female volleyball players (Aydos, 2013). Average values
determined in the study performed on the professional female volleyball players is not similar
with study performed here but however when the literature is investigated it is observed that
the similar studies which has similar finding is also present. In a study in which the peak
pressure values of the elite middle distance runners are investigated, it is reported that the
athletes right feet total is %41,04, heel medial %31,92, heel lateral %20,62, beginning of the
metatarsal is %58,71, beginning of the second metatarsal is %80,34, beginning of the 3
rd
metatarsal %48,42 in the right foot and left foot total is %39,91, beginning of the 2
nd
metatarsal is %71,06, beginning of the 43
rd
metatarsal is %58,42, and big toe is %53,98 lower
and 3
rd
, 4
th
and 5
th
toes are %38,09 bigger. In the peak pressure values
of the other areas of the
right and left foot (middle part of the feet, beginnings of 4
th
and 5
th
metatarsals and second
toes) sedentary group have higher values but the difference is not meaningful statistically and
this situation is interpreted as the middle distance runners use front part of their plantars and
toes more active (Uzun et al., 2015). In this study performed on elite horon players similarly it
Investigation of the effect of playing horon on plantar pressure distribution on folkdancers
159
is observed that among the 11 plantar regions both in right and left
foot only the peak pressure
values in the toes are higher than the control group. This situation might be aroused as a result
of the usage of sandal or slipper like shoe which does not include any orthopedically support,
flat based and took the shape of the feet effectively. But the actual important reason that
causes the peak pressure differences is that the horon players use the front part of the feets
more actively and intensively. Because during the interviews we performed, folk dancers
(horon) declare that they prefer thin based, high quality sport shoes. This situation can be
explained by the direct effects of horon on the pressure distribution rather than effect of the
shoe.
In the maximal pressure comparisons performed between horon players and control
group, differences between the averages (Table 3) are % 21,24 in right foot heel medial, %
13,29 in heel lateral, % 12,9 in left foot heel medial, %29,05 in the beginning of 2
nd
metatarsal, %34,05 in the beginning of the 3
rd
metatarsal, %45,82 in the beginning of 5
th
metatarsal lower in the folk dance players. Maximal pressure values of the all the toes in the
right foot and middle part of the left foot and 2
nd
, 3
rd
, 4
th
and 5
th
toes of the left foot is found
to be higher that the values found for the control group. Other maximal pressure values of the
right and left foot contact areas similar values are determined. In a study in which the effect of
Basketball to the plantar is investigated the right and left foot average maximal pressure
values are compared between elite male basketball players and control group formed of
healthy individuals. Difference between averages is %58,92 in the beginning of 1
st
metatarsal
of the right foot and %31,32 in the big toe lower for the elite basketball players and %17,24 in
beginning of 3
rd
metatarsal of the right foot and %35,17 in the beginning of 4
rd
metatarsal is
higher than the control group (Uzun, 2012). In another study performed on the 27
international level wrestlers who have an average age of 21,90 ± 3,68, the difference between
averages are reported as higher for the control group in right foot total , heel medial,
beginning of 2
nd
, 3
rd
and 5
th
metatarsal (Aydos, 2011). According to these values it can be
postulated that the horon dance is affecting the maximal pressure parameters less than the
wrestling. Made right foot medially in the mean maximal pressure parameters between the
experimental and control groups in the study, heel lateral and left heel medial, 2
nd
, 3
rd
and 5
th
metatarsal values
obtained at the beginning, which found significantly higher in statistically in
the control group, in the region of the toes It seems to be higher than the average of the
experimental group. According to both the peak pressure and the obtained average value of
the maximum pressure at the pressure close to the toes of the foot and said base portion are
collected toes. This may be due to having fast and hard leg kick Horon as a feature of the
game.
Right and left foot totals belonging to the horon players and 11 contact area time
pressure integral comparison, differences between averages (Table 4) are %50,56 in right foot
heel medial, %44,14 in beginning of 1
st
metatarsal, %47,36 in beginning of 2
nd
metatarsal
%28,68 in beginning of 2
nd
metatarsal and %28,72 in the beginning of left 1
st
metatarsal,
%41,72 in the beginning of 3
rd
metatarsal and %64,64 in the beginning of 5
th
metatarsal
higher in the horon players in comparison to the control group. All contact areas among the 22
contact areas other than right foot big toe and left foot middle part and 2
nd
, 3
rd
, 4
th
and 5
th
fingers, time pressure integrals belong to the horon players is lover. When the literature is
investigated a lot o studies related to foot plantar time pressure integral studies are observed.
In a study performed on elite male middle distance runners who have a average age of 20,25 ±
3,6 (n=18) , in the comparison of time pressure integral determination study on both the right
and the left foot , differences between the averages is found to be %31,56 in right foot total,
%63,50 in the heel medial, %53,15 in the heel lateral, %54,71 in the beginning of the 1st
metatarsal, %80,97 in the 2
nd
metatarsal and %35,45 in the left foot, %65,14 in the middle
part of the left foot, %80,69 in the beginning of the metatarsal, %70,82 in the beginning of 5
th