The Evolution of Gender and Sexuality in the Ancient World Gender and Sexuality Before the Classical Era - Sapho and Lesbos
- The Greek “Dark Ages”
The Removal of Women from the Public Sphere The Rise of Pedastry Evidence of Male Relationships - And Women’s Relationships Remain Obscure
Is Greek Homoerotic Practice Homosexuality or Pedophilia?
3300-1000 BCE Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations 1200-800 BCE Age of Calamities and Greek Dark Ages 800-507 BCE Archaic Period 507-404 BCE Classical Period - Persian War, 499-479 BCE
- Peloponnesian War, 431-404 BCE
404-336 BCE Spartan Period 478-431 BCE Athens Golden Age 336-30 BCE Hellenistic
Minoa and Mycenae
Minoa, 2600-1450 BCE
Cultural Explosion on Crete
Sea Trade and the Aegean
Thera and the End of Minoa
Mycenae, 1600-1100 BCE
The Palace at Mycenae
Mycenaean Writing
The Megaron and Mycenaean Frescoes
Artifacts from Mycenae
Dirty Dishes: The Rise of Athens and the Greek Empire
Sappho, Lesbos and the Diminishing Power of Greek Women
The Island of Lesbos
The Poetry of Sappho "Seizure" To me he seems like a god as he sits facing you and hears you near as you speak softly and laugh in a sweet echo that jolts the heart in my ribs. For now as I look at you my voice is empty and can say nothing as my tongue cracks and slender fire quick under my skin. My eyes are dead to light, my ears
Key Terms Didaskalos – School Mistress Tribades – Homosexual Women (savage, uncontrollable, dangerous) Pederasty – Love of Young Boys Erōmenoi – Young men loved by adult males Erastai – Adult male lovers of boys Pais – boys Hetairēsis – Prostituting One’s self Pornos – Male Prostitute Pornē – Female Prostitute
The Persian War, 499-478 BCE
The Athenian Polis
Agora
Mass and Elite in Athens
The Origins of Pederasty Homeric Greece: Gender and Sexual Roles are Fluid/ Women are part of the public sphere: Ulysses and Nausicca The Rise of City States and the Codification of Law Isolates Women in the Home Rites of Passage: Separation, Liminality, Incorporation Pederasty and the Making of Citizens
Plato and Aristotle
The Evolution of Historical Thinking on the Subject of Pederasty Oldest Explanation: Greek Homosexuality a Function of a Lack of Women The Relationship of Martial Societies to Male Love and Bonding Males as “Happily Homosexual in Youth and “Happily Heterosexual” as Adults The Initiation of Greek Boys into Citizenship, Philosophy, and the Public Sphere Socrates and the Elevation of Spiritual Love over Physical Love
So Was it Just About Penetration Between the Thighs?: The Graffiti of Thera “Here Krimon had anal intercourse with his pais, the brother of Bathycles”
Courtesans and Prostitutes Courtesans were professional companions with skill in the arts of music, dancing, conversation and poetry. Coveted for banquets/symposiums as escorts, they may engage in sex, but they are equivalent to high-priced escorts and call girls today. Prostitutes could be and were anything from street walkers to workers in brothels, but their skill sets were confined to sexual acts.
Courtesan and Male Prostitute
The Law of Hetairēsis If an Athenian has prostituted Himself, according to the law, he cannot serve as one of the nine archons, not hold any priestly office, nor exercise the function of public advocate or magistrate, either inside or outside the city whether chosen by election or lot. He cannot be dispatched as a herald, or express his opinion, or be associated with public sacrifices of wear the crown, or enter within the purified boundaries of the Agora. If he does any of things after being convicted of hetairēsis, he shall be put to death.
Hetairae
Peloponnesian War Pericles and the Two Pronged Strategy The Plague of 430 BCE The Massacre at Melos, 416-415 BCE Shift of Strategy – Alcibiades and Sicily, 415-413 BCE
Tragedy and Comedy
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