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List #2: Recent Exploration
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tarix | 05.01.2018 | ölçüsü | 16,72 Kb. | | #19743 |
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list #2: Recent Exploration
1. Shuttle Challenger
2. Shuttle Columbia
3. Skylab
4. International Space Station
5. Luna I
6. Viking I & II
7. Voyager 2
8. orbiter spacecraft
9. lander spacecraft
10. rover spacecraft
11. Spirit & Opportunity
12. Echo I
13. NOAA
list #1 : Early/Manned Flights
1. Sputnik 1
2. Explorer 1
3. NASA
4. Yuri Gagarin
5. Alan B. Shepard
6. John Glenn , Jr.
7. Valentina Tereshkova
8. Project Mercury
9. Project Gemini
10. Neil Armstrong
11. Edwin “Buzz” Armstrong
12. Apollo 11
13. Eagle lander
Unit 4.3
Space
Exploration
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Sputnik I : 1st space satellite (Oct., 1957) , launched by Soviets
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placed into low earth orbit
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transmitted “beeps” as it orbited
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1958 NASA formed to lead American effort
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NASA: the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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Explorer I: 1st American satellite (Jan., 1958) to reach orbit
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April, 1961: Soviet Yuri Gargarin becomes 1st human in space, 1st to orbit earth
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May, 1961: Alan B. Shepard becomes 1st American to reach space (sub-orbital flight)
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flew in one-person Mercury “Friendship 7” spacecraft
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flight lasted 15 minutes, splashed down in Atlantic Ocean
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July, 1961: John Glenn becomes 1st American to orbit earth, Mercury spacecraft
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June, 1963: Soviet Valentina V. Tereshkova becomes 1st female in space
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March, 1965: Edward H. White become 1st American to perform a “spacewalk”
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July 20, 1969: Apollo 11 becomes 1st manned mission to land on the moon
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Command spacecraft “Columbia” manned by Michael Collins orbited above moon
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Neil Armstrong &Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin descend to moon in the Lunar Lander “Eagle”
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Eagle touches down in the Sea of Tranquility
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Neil Armstrong (1st) and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin become 1st men to walk on the moon
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5 more Apollo missions landed on the moon (last one : Apollo17)
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Apollo 13 exploded, astronauts’ lives endangered, never landed on moon
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the Space Shuttles: a re-useable spacecraft with a large payload bay
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landed on a huge run-way; 0ver 100 shuttle missions flown
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repaired satellites, ran experiments, launched Hubble
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1986: Shuttle Challenger exploded on launch
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2003: Shuttle Columbia lost heat shield tiles on re-entry and disintegrated, killing 7
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the Space Stations: long-term, manned spacecraft in orbit around earth
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1971: Soviet Salyut I, then in 1986 the Soviet Mir space stations studied earth
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1973: the US. space station Skylab remained operational for over 6 years
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1998: the International Space Station began construction and continues to operate
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Currently the largest object ever in orbit, now visited by “Dragon” supply ship
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manned permanently by an international crew
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Notable Unmanned Probes, Orbiters, Landers, and Rovers
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1959: Soviet Luna I 1st to reach, fly-by moon
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1962: US. Marnier 10 does a fly-by of Venus
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1972: Pioneer 10 does fly-by of Jupiter
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1976: Viking 1 & 2 land on Mars (landers)
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1977: Voyager 1 & 2 launched, later fly-by major planets
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Orbiter spacecraft: placed in orbit around a planet to observe and record
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Lander spacecraft: land on a foreign body to study and observe it
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Rover spacecraft: land on a foreign body and are able to move to different locations
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mobility allows greater variety of observations, more information to be collected
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latest Mars rovers were Spirit and Opportunity (2003) and Curiosity (2012)
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Communication satellites: re-direct radio signals, allow instant communication across earth
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1960: Echo 1 becomes the 1st communication satellite
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today: Direct TV and Dish TV satellites 22,000 mi. high relay signals directly to homes
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Weather satellites: allow real-time observation of world-wide weather patterns
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NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) directs weather satellites
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World-wide coverage by US since 1978
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