Vishnumolakala Vaishnavi
Group : 9a
Course: 5
Childhood Autism
Autism is a developmental disorder that
appears in the first 3 years of life, and
affects the brain's normal development of
social and communication skills.
What causes autism?
Autism is a physical condition linked to
abnormal biology and chemistry in the
brain. The exact causes of these
abnormalities remain unknown, but this is a
very active area of research. There are
probably a combination of factors that lead
to autism.
Genetic factors seem to be important. For
example, identical twins are much more
likely than fraternal twins or siblings to both
have autism. Similarly, language
abnormalities are more common in relatives
of autistic children. Chromosomal
abnormalities and other nervous system
(neurological) problems are also more
common in families with autism.
CAUSES OF ASD Autism spectrum
disorder has no single known cause. Given
the complexity of the disorder, and therefore
the incontrovertible fact that symptoms and
severity vary, there are probably many
causes. Both genetics and environment
may play a role. Genetics: Several
different genes are responsible for autism
spectrum disorder. For some children,
autism spectrum disorders are often
related to a genetic disease, like Rett
syndrome or fragile X syndrome. Still
other genes may affect brain development or
the way that brain cells communicate, or
they’ll determine the severity of
symptoms. Some genetic mutations are
transfer one generation to the next
generation, while others occur
spontaneously.
Environmental Factors: Researchers are
currently exploring whether factors like
viral infections, medications or
complications during pregnancy, or air
pollutants play a task in triggering autism
spectrum disorder.
RISK FACTORS The number of youngsters
diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is
rising. It's not clear whether this is often
thanks to better detection and reporting or a
true increase within the number of cases,
or both. Autism spectrum disorder affects
children of all nationalities and races, but
certain factors increase a child’s risk for
ASD. These may include: Child’s Sex:
Boys are about fourfold more likely to
develop autism spectrum disorder than girls
are.
Family history: Families who have one
child with autism spectrum disorder have an
increased risk of getting another child with
the disorder. It’s also not uncommon for
folks or relatives of a toddler with
autism spectrum disorder to possess minor
problems with social or communication
skills themselves or to interact in certain
behaviors typical of the disorder
What are symptoms of autism?
Most parents of autistic children suspect that
something is wrong by the time the child is
18 months old and seek help by the time the
child is age 2. Children with autism typically
have difficulties in:
•
Pretend play
•
Social interactions
•
Verbal and nonverbal communication
Some children with autism appear normal
before age 1 or 2 and then suddenly
"regress" and lose language or social skills
they had previously gained. This is called
the regressive type of autism.
TREATMENT No cure exists for autism
spectrum disorder, and there’s no one-
size-fits-all treatment. The main goal of
treatment is to maximize the child’s ability
to function by reducing autism spectrum
disorder symptoms and supporting
development and learning. Early
intervention during the preschool years can
help the child learn critical social,
communication
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