Petros
Koidis and Manda Marianthi
72
reduction of the alveolar bone height, but can mostly cause the loss of the total bone volume.
[59]
Nevertheless, the two groups arrive to some extent at different conclusions as to the
impact of the occlusal trauma on periodontal tissues in the presence of periodontal disease.
The possibility of synergy between the occlusal trauma and the periodontitis progression is an
opinion that had been formulated by Glickman, [60] whereas many following studies tried to
substantiate the above-mentioned hypothesis, although without any of them having reached to
complete the synergy criteria of Glickman. [45, 61, 62] Lindhe et al. correlate
the acceleration
of the attachment loss with high occlusal loads, and the growth of the force meter with the
irreversibility of developing changes. [52, 63, 64]The group of Polson et al. considered that
the correlation between the attachment loss degree and the occlusal trauma is insignificant in
the presence of periodontal disease, whereas the elimination of trauma cannot reduce the
mobility or the loss of osseous support, if the inflammation control does not precede.
However, teeth which had not undergone the occlusal trauma in the presence of an existing
periodontitis, present the greatest bone loss in relation to the control group, as it concurs with
the studies of Lindhe. [65, 66, 67, 68]
Clinical trials with human tissue are very restricted. The majority of them try to correlate
the clinical and the radiographic variables which have been considered (but had not been
verified) as symptoms of occlusal trauma (mobility, widening of the periodontium, and type
of occlusal contacts) with the severity of periodontal disease, without though being able to
formulate clearly whether it is progression indices or an existence of periodontal disease.
Svanberg et al. (1995) point out that excessive loading does not necessarily cause tooth
mobility, because the duration and the frequency (not the force meter) are significant to cause
mobility. Suitable criteria for the clinical diagnosis of trauma caused by occlusion are the
simultaneous existence of increasing mobility and the widening of the periodontium, whereas
the clearest difference of the increasing from stabilized mobility is a histological existence of
the active osseous lysis and inflammation in case of increasing mobility. [69]
Philstrom et al. (1986), carrying out a study of the first molars of 300 humans, have not
observed any correlation between the pocket depth, the clinical attachment level, and the
percentage of the osseous support in relation to the type of occlusal contacts. Their study
concurs with results of the study of Shefter and McFall who have not found any correlation
between the two parameters either. [55, 70] However, a study on human material, using the
diagnostic casts to diagnose abrasions, points out the increased mobility, the pocket depth and
the bone loss in relation to interventions in the not-working side. [71] Additionally, it should
be mentioned that in the study of Philstrom et al. (1986) it had been observed that those teeth
considered having affection by the occlusal trauma, had the highestpocket depth, attachment
loss and osseous support loss. Trying to precisely explore the contribution of the trauma to
the loss of osseous support, a regression analysis had been carried out, during which it had
been confirmed that in two tooth groups with the same attachment loss and pocket depth,
from which the one had an additional mobility and widenedperiodontium, the loss of the
osseous support had been by 10% more compared to teeth without trauma symptoms. [55]
The results of the above-mentioned study concur with those that result from the study of Jin
and Cao (1992), with a difference that during the regression analysis of Philstrom et al. it had
been observed that the percentage of osseous loss between the control group and the under
examination group is always stable regarding the level of attachment loss, whereas Jin and
Biomechanics of Rehabilitating
the Perioprosthetic Patient
73
Cal had observed that the rate of osseous loss for teeth with trauma signs is higher for every
higher level of the attachment loss. [56]
Houston et al. (1987) have conducted a study, in which, trying to correlate the
periodontal disease with bruxism, confirmed that there is no any correlation between the two
parameters, [72] as it concurs with the relevant study of Budtz-Jorgensen (1980). [73]
Hakkarainen et al. (1986), studying in patients the gingival fluid flow after the elimination
either of periodontal disease or the premature contacts, observed that the reduction of gingival
fluid is achieved only after the elimination of inflammation. [74]
The review of bibliographic data till 1996 of the trauma role in periodontal disease has
concluded that scientific data bases is possibly insufficient in order to determine a clear
correlation between the two parameters, whereas the ethical restrictions also make difficult
the planning of progressive studies with the control group, which could clarify the situation.
[75]
In a modern bibliographic actuality Numm (2001) and Harrel (2001), considering the
impact of the occlusal interventions on periodontal disease, carried out studies on human
material, where they tried to correlate the occlusal status both with clinical parameters, which
are demonstrative of the periodontal disease, and with the progression of periodontitis. In
these studies it is reported that the role of the trauma in periodontal disease is underestimated,
whereas a strong correlation between the occlusal trauma and the periodontal destruction is
confirmed, verifying that the trauma is an independent risk factor in periodontal disease. [76,
77]
Dostları ilə paylaş: