A background sentence giving some background information on the essay topic.

Type 2- Discussion
Introduction:
People generally have mixed views regarding the given topic.
Some believe(are of the opinion) that……; while others suggest that…./are convinced that….
This essay will, however, discuss/explore/examine both points of view and then offer/present a personal view/viewpoint/perspective/on this dilemma/issue/situation.
1^st body:
On the one hand,….(discuss one of the arguments)
2^nd body:
On the other hand,…. (discuss another argument)
Conclusion:
To sum up, I think,………(opinion)
Type 3 - Advantages and Disadvantages


Introduction:
(Essay topic)…is a significant/major/on going issue/growing problem/issue/a challenging dilemma in the modern world/in the globalised world/nowadays/currently/these days.
There are numerous/a range of/various/plethora of/a myriad of….pros and cons/benefits and pitfalls/positive and negative aspects…with regard to/in terms of/with respect to/regarding…(essay topic- present in a different way)
1^st body:
To commence with,…. (advantages)
2^nd body:
However,….(disadvantages)


Conclusion:
Summary (sometimes the final sentence can be used to make a final comment or to offer an interesting thought or prediction.)


Type4 –Causes and Effects/solutions


Introduction:
(Essay topic)…is a significant/major/on going issue/growing problem/issue/a challenging dilemma in the modern world/in the globalised world/nowadays/currently/these days.

This essay will explain/outline/offer/identify/nominate/highlight some key reason why (essay topic) is …..and will suggest/will propose a range of measures/steps that can be taken to improve the situation/some options/possibilities for improving/changing the situation.

1^st body:
Causes


2^nd body:
Effects/solutions


Conclusion:
Summary (sometimes the final sentence can be used to make a final comment or to offer an interesting thought or prediction.)