1. Biogenic needs
They arise from physiological states of tension such as
thirst, hunger
2. Psychogenic needs
They arise from psychological states of tension such as
needs for recognition, esteem
b) Perception
Human beings have considerably more than five senses.
Apart from the basic five (touch, taste, smell, sight, hearing)
there are senses of direction, the sense of balance, a clear
knowledge of which way is down, and so forth. Each sense
is feeding information to the brain constantly, and the
amount of information being collected would seriously
overload the system if one took it all in. The brain therefore
selects from the environment around the individual and cuts
out the extraneous noise.
Therefore the information entering the brain does not
provide a complete view of the world around you. When the
individual constructs a world-view, she then assembles the
remaining information to map what is happening in the
outside world. Any gaps (and there will, of course, be plenty
of these) will be filled in with imagination and experience.
The cognitive map is therefore not a ‘photograph’; it is a
construct of the imagination. This mapping will be affected
by the following factors:
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