|
![](/i/favi32.png) Articles otlar oldidan qo’llanuvchi so’z turkumi artikl§. 1) Juftiga ega bo’lgan otlar doim ko’plikda qo’llanadi va ulardan so’ngAZIMOV English grammar in Uzbek§. 1) Juftiga ega bo’lgan otlar doim ko’plikda qo’llanadi va ulardan so’ng
fe’llar ham ko’plik shaklda bo’ladi:
Glasses –
ko’zoynak
Tongs -
ombir
Tweezers –
pinset, qisqich
Pants –
kalta ishton, trusik
Binoculars
- durbin
Pyjamas
- pijama
Shorts –
shortik
Pliers –
ombur, qisqich
Scissors -
qaychi
Trousers -
shim
Spectacles –
ko’zoynak (zreniyaniki)
Jeans -
jensi
Tights –
kolgotka
For example:
My glasses
aren’t
good – mening ko’zoynagim yaxshi
These
glasses
are
on the table – ko’zoynak stolning ustida turibdi
Ten
glasses
are
on the table – stolda 10 ta ko’zoynak bor
2)
Ba’zi otlar -s qo’shimchasiga tugagan bo’lsada, sanalmaydigan otlar
hisoblanadi va doim birlikda qo’llanadi hamda o’zidan so’ng fe’llarning
birlik shaklini talab qiladi:
Athletics
Electronics
27
Gymnastics Politics
Mathematics Economics
Physics
Gymnastics
is
my favourite sport – gimnastika mening sevimli fanim
Physics
is
an interesting subject – fizika qiziqarli fan
3)
Ba’zi otlar birlikda ham, ko’plikda ham -s qo’shimchasiga tugaydi. Faqat
birlikda ular oldidan noaniq artikllar qo’llanadi:
Singular:
Plural:
A
means - vosita
A
series - seriya, turkum
A
species - tur, zot
×
Means - vositalar
×
Series – seriyalar, turkumlar
×
Species – turlar, zotlar
The car
is a
means of transport –
mashina- transport vositasi
Cars
are
×
means of transport –
mashinalar- transport vositalari
4)
Yozish jihatdan birlikda, ma’no jihatdan ko’plikda bo’lgan otlar- Jamlovchi
otlar deyiladi.
Ularning deyarli hammasi, asosan, birlikda qo’llanadi:
Congress -
kengash
Committee -
komissiya
Organization -
tashkilot
Club -
klub, uyushma
Team -
komanda
Class -
sinf; turkum, to’da,
guruh
Army -
armiya
Crowd -
olamon, yig’in, to’da
Jury -
hakam
Public -
omma, jamoatchilik
Group -
gruppa
Staff -
shtat
Government -
hukumat
Audience -
jamoat, tomoshabin,
auditoriya
Family -
oila
Firm -
shirkat, firma
Majority -
ko’pchilik, aksariyat
Company -
jamiyat, uyushma;
truppa (teatrda)
Minority -
kamchilik, ozchilik
Couple –
bir juft
Faculty -
fakultet
For example:
Our family
is
big – bizning oilamiz katta
Our group
is
very friendly – bizning guruh ahil-inoq
NOTE 1: “Majority” yakka holda o’zidan so’ng birlikdagi otlarni talab
qiladi:
The majority
is
learning English now – hozir ko’pchilik ingliz tilini o’rganmoqda
The majority
has
English books now – hozir ko’pchilikda ingliz tili kitoblari bor
Ammo “majority” ko’plikdagi ot bilan kelsa, o’zidan so’ng fe’llarning
ko’plik shaklini talab qiladi:
The majority of students
have
English books now – hozir talabalarning ko’pchiligida
ingliz tili kitoblari bor
NOTE 2: “Police” jamlovchi oti doim ko’plikda qo’llanadi va o’zidan so’ng
fe’llarning ko’plik shaklini talab qiladi:
The police
are
here – bu yerda politsiya bor
The police
are
after him – politsiya uni ta’qib qilyapti
Mustasno holat: A
policeman,
a
policewoman,
a
police officer
5)
Masofani, vaqtni, mablag’ni, darajani bildirgan otlar ko’plikda bo’lsada,
ulardan so’ng doimo fe’llarning birlik shakli qo’llanadi:
28
Twenty kilometre
s is
difficult to walk – 20 kilometr yurish uchun qiyin
Ten day
s
is
enough to have a good rest – yaxshi dam olish uchun 10 kun yetarli
Ten dollar
s
is
not enough to buy this book – kitob sotib olish uchun 10 dollar yetadi
Forty degree
s is
too hot to go out – 40 daraja tashqariga chiqish uchun juda- juda
issiq
To’dalar, guruhlar, sinflar, turlar
People:
A group of people –
odamlar jamoasi
A crowd of people –
odamlar to’dasi
A gang of thieves –
o’g’rilar to’dasi
Animals:
A flock of sheep / a herd of sheep –
qo’ylar to’dasi
A flock of birds –
qushlar galasi
A herd of cattle –
qoramollar to’dasi
A herd of deer –
bug’ular to’dasi
A school of fish –
baliqlar sinfi
A swarm of insect –
qumrisqalar to’dasi
A pack of dogs –
itlar galasi
A pack of wolves –
bo’rilar galasi
Things:
A pile of pages / a heap of pages –
bir uyum qog’oz
A pile of clothes / a heap of clothes –
bir uyum kiyim
A pile of dishes / a heap of dishes –
bir uyum idishlar
A set of pans –
qozon-tovoqlar
A set of tools –
bir uyum asbob-anjom
A stack of chairs –
bir talay stullar
A stack of tables –
bir talay stollar
A stack of boxes –
bir talay qutilar
Flora:
A bunch of flowers –
bir dasta gul
A bunch of bananas –
bir tup banan
A bunch of grapes –
bir bosh uzum
A bunch of greens –
bir bog’ ko’kat
A clump of trees –
bir tup daraxt
A clump of bushes –
bir tup buta
A clump of grass –
bit tup o’t-o’lan
A clump of plants –
bir tup o’simliklar
Languages:
A host of questions –
savollar jamlanmasi
A barrage of complains –
shikoyatlar jamlanmasi
Serics of short answers – qisqa
javoblar jamlanmasi
Mr. va Mrs.
A team of doctors –
shifokorlar jamoasi
A team of sportsmen –
sportchilar jamoasi
A company of actors –
aktyorlar jamoasi
The crew workers in the ship –
kemadagi jamoa
A company of people –
odamlar jamoasi
The stuff teachers in schools –
o’qituvchilar jamoasi
The stuff at the office –
ishchilar jamoasi
§.
Otlarda kelishik
Ingliz tilida otlarda 2 ta kelishik bor:
1) Nominative case- bosh kelishik
2) Genitive case- qaratqich kelishigi
1) Bosh kelishikdagi otlarga ko’plikdan boshqa qo’shimchalar qo’shilmaydi:
Singular:
Plural:
29
John
A
boy
A
teacher
-
Boy
s
Teacher
s
Bosh kelishikdagi otlar gapda
ega, kesim, ot- kesim, aniqlovchi, to’ldiruvchi, hol
vazifasida keladi:
John is here – Jon shu yerda
This is John – bu Jon
I saw John – men Jonni ko’rdim
This is a tennis ball – bu tennis koptogi
I went to the restaurant yesterday – kecha men restoranga bordim
2) Qaratqich kelishigida otlarga –‘s va -s’ (-ning) qoshimchasi qo’shiladi:
a)
Birlikdagi otlarga -‘s qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi:
Nominative case:
Genitive case:
John
A teacher
A
boy
My friend
John’
s
book – Jonning kitobi
A teacher’
s
answer – ustozning
javobi
A boy’
s
ball – bolaning koptogi
My friend
’s
invitation – do’stimning
ixtirosi
b) Ko’plikda otlarga -s’ qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi:
Nominative case:
Genitive case:
Boys
Teachers
My friends
Boy
s’
questions – bolalarning
savollari
Teacher
s’
answers – ustozning
javoblari
My friend
s’
invitation – do’stimning
ixtirolari
c) Tarkibi o’zgarib ko’plikda qo’llanadigan otlarga birlikdagi qaratqich
kelishigi qo’shimchasi (-‘s) qo’shiladi:
Singular:
Plural:
Examples:
A
man
A
woman
A
child
M
e
n
Wom
e
n
Child
ren
Men’
s
sport – erkaklar sporti
Women’
s
day – Ayollar kuni
Children’
s
toy – bolalar o’yinchog’i
Qaratqich kelishigi qoshimchalari ma’nosini inglizchada
“of ”
predlogi ham
ifodalay oladi.
Ular o’rtasidagi farq shuki, qaratqich kelishigi qo’shimchalari,
asosan, jonli narsalar uchun, “of ” predlogi esa jonsiz narsa- predmetlar uchun
qo’llaniladi:
Genitive case (-‘s, -s’)
Preposition “of ”
That man’
s
name is Jack – anavi
odamning ismi Jek
A bird’
s
nest – qushning ini
Nick’
s
book – Nikning kitobi
The door
of
the room – xonaning
eshigi
The page
of
the book – kitobning
varag’i
The leg
of
the table – stolning oyog’i
Ammo jonli otlar izohlovchi bilan kelsa, “of ” predlogi qo’llanadi:
30
Do you know that man’
s
name? – anavi odamning ismini bilasizmi?
Do you know the name
of
that man
who is talking to Mary
? – Meri bilan
suhbatlashayotgan odamning ismini bilasizmi?
Dostları ilə paylaş: |
|
|