Capital Volume I
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498
Chapter 25
54 . c., p. 89. With reference to the children in these colonies, Dr. Hunter says: “People are not now alive to tell us how children were brought up before this age of dense agglomerations of poor began, and he would be a rash prophet who should tell us what future behaviour is to be expected from the present growth of children, who, under circumstances probably never before paralleled in this country, are now completing their education for future practice, as ’dangerous classes’ by sitting up half the night with persons of every age, half naked, drunken, obscene, and quarrelsome.” (l. c., p. 56.) 55 l. c., p. 62. 56 “Report of the Officer of Health of St. Martins-in-the-Fields, 1865.” 57 “Public Health, Eighth Report, 1866,” p. 91. 58 l. c., p. 88. 59 l. c., p. 88. 60 l. c., p. 89. 61 l. c., p. 55 and 56. 62 l. c., p. 149. 63 l. c., p. 50. 64 COLLECTING AGENTS LIST (BRADFORD) Houses Vulcan Street, No. 122 1 Room 16 persons Lumiev Street, No. 13 1 Room
11 persons Bower Street, No. 41 1 Room 11 persons Portland Street. No. 112 1 Room
10 persons Hardy Street, No. 17 1 Room 10 persons North Street, No. 18 1 Room
16 persons North Street, No. 17 1 Room 13 persons Wymer Street, No. 19 1 Room
8 adults Jowett Street, No. 56 1 Room 12 persons George Street, No. 150 1 Room
3 families Rifle Court Marygate, No. 11 1 Room 11 persons Marshall Street, No. 28 1 Room
10 persons Marshall Street, No. 49 1 Room 3 families George Street, No. 128 1 Room
18 persons George Street, No. 130 1 Room 16 persons Edward Street, No. 4 1 Room
17 persons George Street, No. 49 1 Room 2 families York Street, No. 34 1 Room
2 families Salt Pie Street (bottom) 1 Room 26 persons Cellars Regent Square 1 cellar 8 persons Acre Street 1 cellar 7 persons 33 Roberts Court 1 cellar 7 persons Back Pratt Street used as a brazier’s shop 1 cellar 7 persons 27 Ebenezer Street 1 cellar 6 persons l.c. p. 111 (no male over 18) 65 l. c., p. 114. 499
Chapter 25
66 l. c., p. 50. 67 “Public Health. Seventh Report. 1865,” p. 18. 68 l. c., p. 165. 69 l. c., p. 18, Note. — The Relieving Officer of the Chapel-en-le-Frith Union reported to the Registar- General as follows: — “At Doveholes, a number of small excavations have been made into a large hillock of lime ashes (the refuse of lime-kilns), and which are used as dwellings, and occupied by labourers and others employed in the construction of a railway now in course of construction through that neighbourhood. The excavations are small and damp, and have no drains or privies about them, and not the slightest means of ventilation except up a hole pulled through the top, and used for a chimney. In consequence of this defect, small-pox has been raging for some time, and some deaths [amongst the troglodytes] have been caused by it.” (l. c., note 2.) 70 The details given at the end of Part IV. refer especially to the labourers in coal mines. On the still worse condition in metal mines, see the very conscientious Report of the Royal Commission of 1864. 71 l. c., pp. 180, 182. 72 l. c., pp. 515, 517. 73 l. c., p. 16. 74 “Wholesale starvation of the London Poor.... Within the last few days the walls of London have been placarded with large posters, bearing the following remarkable announcement: — ‘Fat oxen! Starving men! The fat oxen from their palace of glass have gone to feed the rich in their luxurious abode, while the starving men are left to rot and die in their wretched dens.’ The placards bearing these ominous words are put up at certain intervals. No sooner has one set been defaced or covered over, than a fresh set is placarded in the former, or some equally public place.... This ... reminds one of the secret revolutionary associations which prepared the French people for the events of 1789.... At this moment, while English workmen with their wives and children are dying of cold and hunger, there are millions of English gold — the produce of English labour — being invested in Russian, Spanish, Italian, and other foreign enterprises.” —Reynolds’ Newspaper, January 20th, 1867. 75 James E. Thorold Rogers. (Prof. of Polit. Econ. in the University of Oxford.) “A History of Agriculture and Prices in England.” Oxford, 1866, v. 1, p. 690. This work, the fruit of patient and diligent labour, contains in the two volumes that have so far appeared, only the period from 1259 to 1400. The second volume contains simply statistics. It is the first authentic “History of Prices” of the time that we possess. 76 “Reasons for the Late Increase of the Poor-Rates: or a comparative view of the prices of labour and provisions.” Lond., 1777, pp. 5, 11. 77 Dr. Richard Price: “Observations on Reversionary Payments,” 6th Ed. By W. Morgan, Lond., 1803, v. II., pp. 158, 159. Price remarks on p. 159: “The nominal price of day-labour is at present no more than about four times, or, at most, five times higher than it was in the year 1514. But the price of corn is seven times, and of flesh-meat and raiment about fifteen times higher. So far, therefore, has the price of labour been even from advancing in proportion to the increase in the expenses of living, that it does not appear that it bears now half the proportion to those expenses that it did bear.” 78 Barton, l. c., p. 26. For the end of the 18th century cf. Eden, l. c. 79 Parry, l. c., p. 86. 80 ibid., p. 213. 81 S. Laing, l. c., p. 62. 82 “England and America.” Lond., 1833, Vol. 1, p. 47. 83 London Economist, May 29th, 1845, p. 290. Yüklə 3,3 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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