Cjss second Issue: cjss second Issue qxd

Hypothesis 2. In case of affirming ideological domination in media the
model of media-society relationship is more likely to be media-centric than so-
ciety-centric. 
The method 
The research method was collapsed into three techniques: descriptive
statistics, chi-square and factor analysis.
The number of respondents: 18
Volume of the questionnaire: 6 questions. 
Type of questionnaire: half structured questionnaire 
The structure of the questionnaire: 2 blocks.
1) New roles and functions of Georgian media during period of 1990-
1991in light of presence of ideological domination; the editorial policy of a
publication and its main principles; 
2) Media-centric or society-centric perspectives and views of the inter-
relations between media and society; 
The respondents were chosen with mixed principle in order to represent
all the hierarchical levels and competencies in the most widely circulated,
popular and influential Georgian publications of the early 1990s: editor-in-
chief (2), editor (1), deputy editor-in-chief/deputy editor (2), co-editor (2),
publisher/ member of the board of the publishing body (2), head of depart-
ment (3), reporter (6). 
Publications with different communication structures are represented:
Kommunisti (an official body of the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of Georgia); Sakartvelos Respublika (an official body of the Supreme
Council of Georgia), Tbilisi (a municipal evening daily newspaper), Sakartvelo
(a printing body of Popular Front of Georgia), Mamuli (a bi-weekly publication
of the Rustaveli Society), 7 Dghe (a body of the Independent Union of Journal-
ists of Georgia), Droni, a private publication, Tavisupali Sakartvelo (a body of
the political block ‘The Round Table – Free Georgia’), Sarbieli, a private pub-
lication. 
The research collected data via face-to-face interviews.  Data were ana-
lyzed according to descriptive statistics methods. 
With the purpose to test hypothesis 1, on the second stage of analysis
the same respondents were asked to classify the results of the block ‘New
roles and functions of Georgian media’ by the criterion of presence in the re-
sponses the ideological dominative meanings (evident or latent). The data of
descriptive statistics were passed through chi-square to calculate the proba-
bility of deviation.
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Caucasus Journal of Social Sciences

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With the purpose to test hypothesis 2, on the third stage of analysis, in
order of sub-gradation of data, an additional standardized questionnaire (in-
cluding 18 questions) was suggested to the same respondents. The respon-
dents had to evaluate on a 7-point scale the new media roles and functions
according to the responses indicated by themselves to the questionnaire (18
references) on the first stage of the research. The data of this block were an-
alyzed by scaling and factor analysis methods.  
Results
Descriptive Analysis and Factor Analysis
For Hypothesis 1 and Hypothesis 2
1. What factors determined motivation of maintenance of the ideological
domination in the media? (because the respondents could choose more than
one, per cents are calculated beyond 100)
2. How do You characterize dimensions of media-society interrelated-
ness
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Caucasus Journal of Social Sciences
In per cent
Professional education principles
27,8%
Political and historical moment
55,6%
Ideological domination – the only
possibility for impact on society
33,3%
In per cent
Media-centric
27,8%
Society-centric 
72,2%

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3. The new functions and roles of the Georgian media of 1990s
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Caucasus Journal of Social Sciences
In per cent
Destroying of the principles of Communist press
8,7%
Pluralism, objectivity
21,7%
Coverage of National Liberation Movement’s activities
4,3%
Full commitment in practical politics
4,3%
Supporting the creation of free society
4,3%
Supporting the construction of new state ideology
4,3%
Indefinite and unclear. Only the destiny and founding
principles were changed
8,7%
Comprehension of national identity
4,3%
Independency of a journalist from the political elite
4,3%
Nomination (signification) of social phenomena
4,3%
Spreading of knowledge and education
4,3%
Social-political movement
4,3%
Critical views up events
4,3%
Reinforcing of public opinion
8,7%
Stage for political struggle
8,7%

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4. What kind of factors does provide freedom of press?
5. Founding principles of editorial policy
6. In which way did the editorial policies support the ideological domi-
nation in media?
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Caucasus Journal of Social Sciences
In per cent
Ownership structure
25%
Editorial policy
25%
Journalists elite
11,1%
State policy
11,1%
Public opinion
22,2%
Law
5,6%
In per cent
Restoration of national values, reinforcing national
kernel
11,1%
Professionalism
5,6%
Non-partisan press, objectivity, truth
16,7%
Freedom of speech
5,6%
Pluralism
5,6%
Collective nature of management
5,6%
Support for state policy
5,6%
Distribution of knowledge and analytical texts
16,7%
Managing and manipulating with public opinion
16,7%
Coverage of social problems
5,6%
Flexible policy
5,6%
In per cent
Conceptually conceived
66,7%
Spontaneous
16,7%
Intuitive
16,7%
Reactive
5,6%

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