Curriculum Vitae John Spertus, md mph facc faha

Spertus JA, Jones P, McDonell M, Fan V, Fihn SD. Health status predicts long-term outcome in outpatients with coronary disease. Circulation. 2002;106(1): 43-9.

Borkon AM, Muehleback GF, House J, Marso SP, Spertus J. A comparison of the recovery of health status after percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass. Ann Thoracic Surg. 2002;74(5):1526-30.

Poston WS, Haddock CK, Spertus J, Catanese DM, Pavlik VN, Hyman DJ, Hanis CL, Forevt JP. Physical activity does not mitigate G-protein-related genetic risk for obesity in individuals of African descent. Eat Weight Disord. 2002;7(1):68-71.

Spertus JA, Tooley J, Jones P, Poston C, Mahoney E, Deedwania P, Hurley S, Pitt B, Weintraub WS. Expanding the Outcomes in Clinical Trials of Heart Failure: The Quality of Life and Economic Components of EPHESUS (EPlerenone’s neuroHormonal Efficacy and SUrvival Study). Am Heart J. 2002;143(4):636-42.

McCullough PA, Philbin EF, Spertus JA, Kaatz S, Sandberg KR, Weaver WD. Confirmation of a heart failure epidemic: findings from the Resource Utilization Among Congestive Heart Failure (REACH) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(1):60-9.

Spertus JA, Dewhurst TA, Dougherty CM, Nichol P, McDonell M, Bliven B, Fihn SD. Benefits of an ”angina clinic” for patients with coronary artery disease: A demonstration of health status measures as markers of health care quality. Am Heart J. 2002;143(1):145-150.

Rumsfeld JS, Magid DJ, Plomondon ME, O’Brien MM, Spertus JA, Every NR, Sales AE. Predictors of quality of life following acute coronary syndromes Am J Cardiol. 2001; 88(7):781-4.

Spertus JA, Jones PG, Coen M, Garg M, Bliven B, O’Keefe J, March RJ, Horvath K. Transmyocardial CO2 Laser Revascularization Improves Symptoms, Function and Quality of Life: 12-Month Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Med. 2001;111(5):341-348.

Diehr P, Patrick DL, Spertus J, Kiefe CI, McDonell M, Fihn SD. Transforming self-rated health and the SF-36 scales to include death and improve interpretability.  Medical Care. 2001:39(7):670-680.

Bliven BD, Kaufman SE, Spertus JA. Electronic collection of health-related quality of life data: Validity, time benefits and patient preference. Quality of Life Research. 2001:10(1):15-22.

Spertus JA, Bliven BD, Farner M, Gillen A, Hewitt T, Jones P, McCallister BD. Integrating baseline health status data collection into the process of care. Jt Comm J Qual Improvement. 2001:27(7):369-380.

Spertus JA, Dewhurst T, Dougherty CM, Nichol P. Testing the effectiveness of converting patients to long-acting antianginal medications: The quality of life in angina research trial (QUART). Am Heart J. 2001; 141(4):550-8.

Garg M, Quick A, DePond W, Schroeder W, Chowdry S, Spertus J. Native aortic valve tissue systemic embolization complicating bacterial endocarditis. Clin Cardiol, 2001;24(2):166-8.

Goss JR, Whitten RW, Phillips RC, Johnston GG, Hofer BO, Mansfield PB, Tidwell SL, Spertus JA, LoGerfo JP. Washington State’s model of physician leadership in cardiac outcomes reporting. Annals Thorac Surg. 2000:70(3):695-701.

Sullivan MD, LaCroix AZ, Spertus JA, Hecht J. Five-year prospective study of the effects of anxiety and depression in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2000; 86(10):1135-1138, A6, A9.

Dougherty CM, Spertus JA, Dewhurst TA, Nichol WP. Outpatient nursing case management for cardiovascular disease. Nurs Clin North Am. 2000;35(4):993-1003.

Krumholz H, Spertus JA, Every N, Brass L, Radford M. Measuring and Improving Quality of Care: A Report from the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology First Scientific Forum on the Assessment of Healthcare Quality in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke. Circulation. 2000;101(12):1483-1493.

Krumholz HM, Baker DW, Ashton CM, Dunbar SB, Friesinger GC, Havraneck EP, Hlatky MA, Konstam M, Ordin DL, Pina IL, Pitt B, Spertus JA. Evaluating Quality of Care for Patients with Heart Failure. Circulation. 2000; 101(12):e122-140.

Spertus JA, McDonell M, Woodman, CL, Fihn SD. Association between depression and worse disease-specific functional status in outpatients with coronary artery disease. A Heart J, 2000; 140(1):105-110.

Green CP, Porter CB, Bresnahan DR, Spertus JA. Development and evaluation of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire: A new health status measure for heart failure. JACC. 2000:35(5): 1245-55

Dougherty CM, Nichol WP, Dewhurst TA, Spertus JA. Patient perspectives on participation in a clinical trial of angina management. Appl Nursing Res. 1999;12(2):107-11.

Weintraub WS, Culler SD, Kosinski A, Becker ER, Mahoney E, Burnette J, Spertus JA, Feeny D, Cohen DJ, Krumholtz H, Ellis S, Demopoulos L, Robertson D, Boccuzzi SJ, Barr E, Cannon C. Economics, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Cost-Effectiveness Methods for the TACTICS (Treat Angina With Aggrastat [tirofiban] and Determine Cost of Therapy with Invasive or Conservative Strategy) –TIMI 18 Trial. Am J Cardiol. 1999:83(3):317-322.

Dougherty CM, Dewhurst T, Nichol WP, Spertus JA. Comparison of three quality of life instruments in stable angina pectoris: Seattle Angina Questionnaire, Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Quality of Life Index-Cardiac Version III. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(7):569-75.

Bliven BD, Green CP, Spertus JA. Review of available instruments and methods for assessing Quality of Life in anti-anginal trials. Drugs and Aging. 1998;13(4):311-20.

O’Keefe JH, Bateman TM, Ligon RW, Case J, Cullom J, Barnhart C, Spertus J. Outcome of medical versus invasive treatment strategies for non-high-risk ischemic heart disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 1998;5(1):28-33.

Gum P, O’Keefe JH, Borkon AM, Spertus J, Bateman TM, McGraw JP, Shirwani K, Vacek J, McCallister BD. Bypass surgery versus coronary angioplasty for revascularization of treated diabetic patients. Circulation. 1997; 96:II-7-10.

Tu SP, McDonell MB, Spertus JA, Steele BG, Fihn SD. A new self-administered questionnaire to monitor health-related quality of life in patients with COPD. Ambulatory Care Qualaity Improvement Project (ACQUIP) Investigators. Chest. 1997;112:614-622.

Every NR, Spertus JA, Fihn SD, Hlatky M, Martin JS, Weaver WD. Length of hospital stay after acute myocardial infarction in the myocardial infarction triage and intervention (MITI) project registry. J Am Coll Cardio. 1996;28:287-293.

Spertus JA, Weiss NS, Every NR, Weaver WD. The influence of clinical risk factors on the use of angiography and revascularization after acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155: 2309-16.

Spertus JA, Winder JA, Dewhurst TA, Deyo RA, Prodzinski J, McDonell M, Fihn SD. Development and evaluation of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire: A new functional status measure for coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25:333-341.

Spertus JA, Winder JA, Dewhurst TA, Deyo RA, Fihn SD: Monitoring the Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Cardiol. 1994;74:1240-1244.
Non-peer-reviewed Publications:
Spertus JA, Ghaferi AA. Transforming the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program to the Delivery of Precision Medicine to Improve the Value of Surgical Care: Summary of the John R. Clarke Keynote Address for the Surgical Outcomes Club 2016 Annual Meeting. JAMA Surg, 2017,152(9):815-816.

Qintar M, Omer M, Tang F, Arnold SV, Spertus JA, Salisbury AC. Health status outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in bypass grafts vs. native coronary arteries. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes, 2017,3(2):160-161.

Sud M, Yu B, Wijeysundera HC, Austin PC, Ko DT, Braga J, Cram P, Spertus JA, Domanski M, Lee DS. Reply: "Who Will Be Rehospitalized Next? Targeting Heart Failure Patients With Brittle Dimensions". JACC Heart Fail, 2017,5(10):761-762.

Sud M, Yu B, Wijeysundera HC, Austin PC, Ko DT, Braga J, Cram P, Spertus JA. Domanski M, Lee DS. Reply: Readmissions and Diuretic Dosing. JACC Heart Fail, 2017,5(8):618-619.

Chan PS, Spertus JA, Nallamothu BK. Making a Difference in Disparities. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 2017,10(10).

Smolderen KGE, Gosch KG, Buchanan DM, Spertus JA. Response by Smolderen et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Depression Treatment and 1-Year Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the TRIUMPH Registry (Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients' Health Status)". Circulation, 2017,136(14):1355-1356.

Chan PS, Spertus JA. Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest-Reply. JAMA, 2017,317(6):645.

Nassif ME, Fendler TJ, Spertus JA. Individualized Risk Estimates From Population Data: Should We Stop Creating Models and Start Engaging Patients? J Card Fail, 2017, 23(4):278-279.

McNamara RL, Spertus JA. Reply: Risk Prediction in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2016, 68(25):2919.

Ranasinghe I, Shojaee A, Bikdeli B, Gupta A, Chen R, Ross JS, Masoudi FA, Spertus JA, Nallamothu BK, Krumholz HM. Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Poorly Cited Articles in Peer-Reviewed Cardiovascular Journals from 1997 to 2007: Analysis of 5-Year Citation Rates". Circulation, 2016, 133(2):e23-24.

Salisbury AC, Spertus JA. Realizing the Potential of Clinical Risk Prediction Models: Where Are We Now and What Needs to Change to Better Personalize Delivery of Care? Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2015, 8(4):332-334.

Spertus J. "TITRe"ing the approach to transfusions after cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(11):1069-1070.

Lantos JD, Spertus JA. The concept of risk in comparative effectiveness research. N Engl J Med. 2015, 372(9):884.

Spertus JA. Leveraging entrepreneurship as a means to improve the translation of outcomes research to healthcare improvement. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2015, 8(1):2-3.

Spertus J. A. ASCERTing the Value of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft in Stable Angina Patients: The Challenges and Potential of Observational Research to Improve Care. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2015, 65(1):12-14.

Lantos JD, Spertus JA. The concept of risk in comparative-effectiveness research. NEJM, 2014, 371(22):2129-2130.

Cedars AM, Spertus JA. Call for a disease-specific patient-reported outcome tool in adult congenital heart disease. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 2014, 7(6):971-974.

McCulloh RJ, Spertus JA. Separating signal from noise: the challenge of identifying useful biomarkers in sepsis. Crit Care, 2014,18(2):121. PMCID: 4057277.

Arnold SV, Spertus JA, Nallamothu BK. The hostile heart: anger as a trigger for acute cardiovascular events. Eur Heart J, 2014,35(21):1359-1360.

Spertus J. Barriers to the Use of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Clinical Care. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 2014; 7(1):2-4.

James SK, Spertus JA. Evidence-based treatments for STEMI: are we doing enough? Lancet. 2013;382(9892):576-9.

Ellerbeck EF, Spertus JA. Let's Clear the Air for Casino Patrons and Employees. Circulation. 2013;128(8):783-4. PMCID: 3903660.

Chan PS, Spertus JA, Nallamothu BK. Long-term outcomes in elderly survivors of cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(25):2438-9.

Nallamothu BK, Spertus JA, Lansky AJ, Cohen DJ, Jones PG, Kureshi F, Dehmer GJ, Drozda JP, Jr., Walsh MN, Brush JE, Jr., Koenig GC, Waites TF, Gantt DS, Kichura G, Chazal RA, O'Brien PK, Valentine CM, Rumsfeld JS, Reiber JH, Elmore JG, Krumholz RA, Weaver WD, Krumholz HM. Response to letters regarding article, "comparison of clinical interpretation with visual assessment and quantitative coronary angiography in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in contemporary practice: the assessing angiography (A2) project". Circulation. 2013;128(24):e463-4.

Buchanan DM, Spertus JA. A Leading Postdoctoral Fellowship Training Program in Cardiovascular Outcomes Research. EP Lab Digest, 2013, 13:(11)40-42.

Spatz ES, Spertus JA. Shared decision making: a path toward improved patient-centered outcomes. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2012;5(6):e75-77.

Krumholz HM, Spertus JA. Circulation: cardiovascular quality and outcomes annual report, 2012. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2012;5(4):e28-32.

Spertus J, Chan P. The need to improve the appropriate use of coronary revascularization: challenges and opportunities. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(21):1877-1880.

Spertus JA. The double-edged sword of open access to research data. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2012;5(2):143-144.

Spertus J. Clinical trial subgroups: challenges and opportunities in describing the benefits of therapy. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2011;4(3):266-267.

Brindis R, Spertus JA. President's Page: Employing Shared Decision-Making Models to Improve Care and Patient Value: A Cardiovascular Professional Initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56 (24):2046-2048.

Spertus J. Improving the care for myocardial infarction: editor's perspective. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3(5):439-440.

Spertus J. Broadening our understanding of survival after myocardial infarction: the association of neighborhood with outcomes. Circulation. 2010;121(3):348-350.

Venkitachalam L, Spertus JA. Stepping outside of the heart: using nontraditional patient characteristics to understand and improve outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(4):317-319.

Bove AA, Spertus JA. President's page: Meeting the challenges of outcome measures. J Am Coll

Cardiol. 2009;55(1):75-76.

Kosiborod M, Spertus JA. Careers in cardiovascular outcomes research. Circulation. 2009;120(1);76-81.

Spertus JA. Evolving applications for patient-centered health status measures. Circulation. 2008;118(20):2103-10.

Spertus J. Assessing patients' improvement in clinical trials. BMJ. 2008;336(7656):1258-9. PMCID: 2413337.

Brindis RG, Spertus JA. Specialty cardiac hospitals: how special are they? Circulation. 2007;116(20):2238-40.

Spertus JA, Furman MI. Translating evidence into practice: are we neglecting the neediest? Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(10):987-8.

Lanfear DE, Spertus JA, McLeod HL. Beta2-adrenergic receptor genotype predicts survival: implications and future directions. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2006;21(6):474-7.

Spertus JA. Response to Letter to the Editor. Am Heart J. 2006;151:e7.

Spertus JA. Selecting Endpoints in Clinical Trials: What Evidence do We Really Need to Evaluate a New Treatment? Am Heart J. 2001;142(5): 745-7.

Sullivan MD, Spertus JA. Chest pain: cause and consequence of coronary artery bypass grafting. Pain. 2001; 92(1-2):1-3.

Spertus J. "How can we offer younger angina patients a better quality of life?" Ischemia Update; 2001:1(3):4-6.

Spertus JA: Managing CAD in the Diabetic Patient. Internal Medicine World Report 2000.

Spertus JA: 2^nd Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke. Medscape Cardiology May 12, 2000. http://www.medscape.com/Medscape/CNO/2000/AHA_ACC_CS/AHA-05.html

Spertus JA, Green CP, Conway K, Uzun V: Creating a New Disease-Specific Health Status Measure for Congestive Heart Failure: A Prototype for Instrument Development in the Current Era. Quality of Life Newsletter 1998; 20: 9-10.

Spertus JA: Evaluating outcomes of congestive heart failure. Med Outcomes Trust Bull 1997; 2: 1,6.

Spertus JA: The Seattle Angina Questionnaire: A review of the instrument and its applications. Quality of Life Newsletter 1996; 16: 9-11.
Book Chapters:

Venkitachlam L, Amin A, Spertus JA. Assessing and Improving Quality of Care in Cardiovascular Medicine. Hurst’s The Heart 13th Edition 2010. McGraw Hill Publishers, New York

Spertus, JA and Green DC. Quality of Life Issues for Women with Coronary Disease in Coronary Disease in Women: Evidence-based diagnosis and treatment. Ed. Leslee J. Shaw, Rory Hachomovitch, Rita Redberg and Steven D. Culler. Humana Press, New Jersey, 2003.

Spertus, JA and Conard M. Health Status Assessment in Cardiovascular Health Care Economics. Ed. William S. Weintraub MD. Humana Press. New Jersey. 2003

Spertus JA and Nease R. Utility Assessment in Cardiovascular Health Care Economics. Ed. William S. Weintraub MD. Humana Press. New Jersey. 2003

Abstracts:
Nassif M, Spertus J, Jones P, Fendler T, Allen L, Grady K, Arnold S. Changes in Disease-specific versus Generic Health Status Measures After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: Insights From INTERMACS. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A055.

Halpin D, Spatz E, Cua B, Jhamnani S, Smolderen K, Spertus J, Hirsch A, Gosch K, Desai N, Mena-Hurtado C. Age-specific Differences in Baseline Characteristics, Peripheral Arterial Disease Specific Health Status, and Patterns of Care in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: Insights From the Patientcentered Outcomes Related to Treatment Practices in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Investigating Trajectories (PORTRAIT) Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A056.

Qintar M, Sharma P, Tang Y, Jones P, Pokharel Y, Dreyer R, Spertus J. Predictors of High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein Elevation Among Patients With Myocardial Infarction: Insights From VIRGO and TRIUMPH. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A067.

Qintar M, Sharma P, Pokharel Y, Tang Y, Jones P, Dreyer R, Spertus J. High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein Levels Among Patients With Myocardial Infarction: Insights From TRIUMPH. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A068.

Pokharel Y, Jones P, Graham G, Spertus J, Smolderen K. Heterogeneity in Treatment Effect in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the CLEVER Trial. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A075.

Khariton Y, Nassif M, Spertus J, Arnold S, Tang Y. Modeling Heterogeneity of Benefit in Patients Eligible for Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators: Insights From the SCD-HeFT Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A076.

Patel K, Arnold S, Qintar M, Jones P, Alexander K, Spertus J. Health-related Quality of Life With Routine Invasive versus Ischemia guided Strategies for the Elderly With Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)-Insights From PREMIER/TRIUMPH. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A079.

Alturkmani H, Qintar M, Patel K, Jones P, Spertus J. The Association of Invasive Treatment on Health Status Outcomes in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Pre-infarct Angina. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A091.

Jelani Q, Smolderen K, Spertus J, Jingyan W, Tuohy E, Zarich S, Jones P, Graham G, Dreyer R. Racial Differences in Health Status, Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Patterns Among Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the PORTRAIT Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A105.

Alturkmani H, Patel K, Gosch K, Kosiborod M, Spertus J, Smolderen K. Health Status Implications for Comorbid Diabetes in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease: Insights from PORTRAIT Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A111.

Lu Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Welsh J, Zhang H, Guan W, Li J, Li X, Zheng X, Hou L, Spertus J, Masoudi F, Krumholz H, Jiang L. Recovery From Acute Myocardial Infarction in China: A Report From China PEACE Prospective Study of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A124.

Lu Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Welsh J, Liu J, Guan W, Li J, Li X, Zheng X, Spertus J, Masoudi F, Krumholz H, Jiang L. Clinical Course After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in China: A Report From China PEACE Prospective Study of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A001.

Patel K, Arnold S, Chan P, Tang Y, Pokharel Y, Jones P, Spertus J. Personalizing the Intensity of Blood Pressure Control: Modeling the Heterogeneity of Risks and Benefits from the SPRINT Trial. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A003.

Patel K, Tang Y, Khariton Y, Curtis L, Spertus J, Chan P. Prompt Defibrillation and Epinephrine Treatment and Longterm Survival After In-hospital Cardiac Arrest. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A192.

Summers D, Gialde E, Spertus J, Decker C. Use of a Decision Support Tool for Ischemic Stroke Treatment in a Telehealth System. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(Suppl_3):A222.

Saxon J, Salisbury A, Grantham J, Sapontis J, Lombardi W, Karmpaliotis D, Moses J, Tang Y, Cohen D, Spertus J, Safley D. Appropriate Use Criteria and Health Status Outcomes After CTO PCI: Results From the OPEN CTO Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(11_S):973.

Patel K, Jones P, Buchanan D, Spertus J, Smolderen K. Smoking Behavior and Access to Smoking Cessation Support Following a Diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Disease: Insights From the International PORTRAIT Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(11_S):2014.

Patel K, Qintar M, Arnold S, Tang Y, Jones P, Buchanan D, Decker C, Spertus J. Reliability and Responsiveness of Seattle Angina Questionnaire in Women With Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(11_S):81.

Fonarow G, Albert N, Butler J, Patterson J, Spertus J, Williams F, Turner S, Chan W, Duffy C, DeVore A, Mi X, Thomas L, Hernandez A. Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Care Patterns in the Outpatient Practice Setting: Initial Findings From CHAMP-HF. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(11_S):701.

Khariton Y, Wang J, Patel K, Chan P, Spertus J, Smolderen K. Non-Adherence to the Joint ACC/AHA 2013 Lipid Performance Guidelines in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Insights From the PORTRAIT Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(11_S):2004.

Bhardwaj B, Pokharel Y, Kennedy K, Salisbury A, Kureshi F,