[Day 1: Tuesday, 02 December, 2014]

IRTS 2008, Chapter 7 describes concepts, definitions, basic categories and indicators of employment in the tourism industries from a labour and industry statistics perspective rather than a national accounting perspective.

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries Presenter: UNWTO

• “Employees” or “persons employed” are one of the major groups encompassed in the International Classification of Status in Employment. Employees are persons who, by agreement, work for a resident institutional unit and receive remuneration for their labour. Their remuneration is recorded in the SNA as compensation of employees. The relationship of employer to employee exists when there is an agreement, which may be formal or informal, between the employer and a person, normally entered into voluntarily by both parties, whereby the person works for the employer in return for remuneration in cash or in kind. There is no requirement that the employer should declare the agreement to any official authority for the status of employee to apply (SNA 2008, 19.20).(7.7)

• The concept of jobs differs from the concept of employment: (Box 7.4)

• It includes second, third, etc. jobs of the same person. Those second, third, etc. jobs of a person may either successively follow one another within the reference period (usually, a week) or, as when someone has an evening job as well as a daytime job, run in parallel.
• On the other hand, it excludes persons temporarily not at work but who have a “formal attachment to their job” in the form, for instance, of “an assurance of return to work or an agreement as to the date of return”. Such an understanding between an employer and a person on lay-off or away on training is not counted as a job.

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries Presenter: UNWTO

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries Presenter: UNWTO

• Employment in the tourism industries versus tourism employment

• The concept of employment in the tourism industries refers to all jobs (in all occupations) in the tourism industries. As already mentioned (IRTS 2008, 6.15. to 6.20.), in each country, the tourism industries include all establishments whose main activity is a tourism-characteristic activity. These tourism industries are common to all countries except for the individual country-specific tourism characteristic activities (categories 11 and 12; IRTS 2008, 5.18.).
• The concept of tourism employment, in accordance with the IRTS 2008, refers to “employment strictly related to the goods and services acquired by visitors and produced by either tourism industries or other industries” (IRTS 2008, 7.3.). Hence, tourism employment is a measure of the number of jobs directly attributable to tourism demand in tourism and non-tourism industries, held by employees, self-employed and contributing family workers.
• For example, in the food and beverage services industry, only those jobs that are directly associated with tourism (17.2%) are counted in the Canadian Tourism Satellite Account as jobs generated by, or attributable to tourism. On the other hand, generally, jobs generated in agriculture to support production in the food and beverage services industry (i.e. indirect employment) are not included. This is not to say that some employment in agriculture can be directly due to visitor spending, i.e. road-side fruit and vegetable stalls.

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries Presenter: UNWTO

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries Presenter: UNWTO

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries Presenter: UNWTO

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries Presenter: UNWTO

• International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08)

• Occupation refers to the kind of work done during the reference period by the person employed (or the kind of work done previously if unemployed). Information on occupation provides a description of a person’s job. In the present context a job is defined as a set of tasks and duties performed, or meant to be performed, by one person, including for an employer or in self-employment.
• 7.39. The International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) provides a system for classifying and aggregating occupational information obtained by means of statistical censuses and surveys, as well as from administrative records.
• 7.40. ISCO-08 is a four-level hierarchically structured classification that allows all jobs in the world to be classified into 436 unit groups. These groups form the most detailed level of the classification structure and are aggregated into 130 minor groups, 43 sub-major groups and 10 major groups, based on the similarity of the skill level and skill specialization required.10 major groups, based on the similarity of the skill level and skill specialization required.

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries Presenter: UNWTO

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries Presenter: UNWTO

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries Presenter: UNWTO

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries Presenter: UNWTO

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries

• Collecting information on working time arrangements, informal employment and employment in the informal sector

• Existing surveys of the economically active population and similar household surveys provide a useful and economical means of collecting data on employment in the informal sector in terms of the number and characteristics of the persons concerned and the conditions of their employment and work. Usually such survey can cover all information with regard to the related aspects of working time arrangements, informal employment and employment in the informal sector
• By way of illustration Figure 7.8 below shows a two-track approach to identifying persons employed in informal sector enterprise/establishment and Box 7.15 show questions from a household survey.

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries

09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• 09:00-11:00 Session 7: Employment in the Tourism Industries

• ► Current Country Practices in Measuring Employment in the Tourism Industries

• Sudan:

• National System of Tourism Statistics

• Yemen:

• National System of Tourism Statistics

11:15-13:00 Session 8: Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA)

• 11:15-13:00 Session 8: Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA)

• ► Towards TSA – Methodological Aspects and TSA Applications Presenter: UNWTO

• ► Current Country Practices in TSA

• Country presentations

• ► Q&A Session

11:15-13:00 Session 8: Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA)

• 11:15-13:00 Session 8: Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA)

• ► Towards TSA – Methodological Aspects and TSA Applications Presenter: UNWTO

Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 2: Domestic tourism expenditure by products, classes of visitors and types of trips

• Table 3: Outbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 4: Internal tourism consumption by products

• Table 5: Production accounts of tourism industries and other industries (at basic prices)

• Table 6: Total domestic supply and internal tourism consumption (at purchasers' prices)

• Table 7: Employment in the tourism industries

• Table 8: Tourism gross fixed capital formation of tourism industries and other industries

• Table 9: Tourism collective consumption by products and levels of government

• Table 10: Non monetary indicators

• These are official sequences of TSA tables! (What I cover is US version, which may not match in their sequences…)

Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 2: Domestic tourism expenditure by products, classes of visitors and types of trips

• Table 3: Outbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 4: Internal tourism consumption by products

• Table 5: Production accounts of tourism industries and other industries (at basic prices)

• Table 6: Total domestic supply and internal tourism consumption (at purchasers' prices)

• Table 7: Employment in the tourism industries

• Table 8: Tourism gross fixed capital formation of tourism industries and other industries

• Table 9: Tourism collective consumption by products and levels of government

• Table 10: Non monetary indicators

Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 2: Domestic tourism expenditure by products, classes of visitors and types of trips

• Table 3: Outbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 4: Internal tourism consumption by products

• Table 5: Production accounts of tourism industries and other industries (at basic prices)

• Table 6: Total domestic supply and internal tourism consumption (at purchasers' prices)

• Table 7: Employment in the tourism industries

• Table 8: Tourism gross fixed capital formation of tourism industries and other industries

• Table 9: Tourism collective consumption by products and levels of government

• Table 10: Non monetary indicators

• These are official sequences of TSA tables! (What I cover is US version, which may not match in their sequences…)

Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 2: Domestic tourism expenditure by products, classes of visitors and types of trips

• Table 3: Outbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 4: Internal tourism consumption by products

• Table 5: Production accounts of tourism industries and other industries (at basic prices)

• Table 6: Total domestic supply and internal tourism consumption (at purchasers' prices)

• Table 7: Employment in the tourism industries

• Table 8: Tourism gross fixed capital formation of tourism industries and other industries

• Table 9: Tourism collective consumption by products and levels of government

• Table 10: Non monetary indicators

• These are official sequences of TSA tables! (What I cover is US version, which may not match in their sequences…)

Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 2: Domestic tourism expenditure by products, classes of visitors and types of trips

• Table 3: Outbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 4: Internal tourism consumption by products

• Table 5: Production accounts of tourism industries and other industries (at basic prices)

• Table 6: Total domestic supply and internal tourism consumption (at purchasers' prices)

• Table 7: Employment in the tourism industries

• Table 8: Tourism gross fixed capital formation of tourism industries and other industries

• Table 9: Tourism collective consumption by products and levels of government

• Table 10: Non monetary indicators

• These are official sequences of TSA tables! (What I cover is US version, which may not match in their sequences…)

Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 2: Domestic tourism expenditure by products, classes of visitors and types of trips

• Table 3: Outbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 4: Internal tourism consumption by products

• Table 5: Production accounts of tourism industries and other industries (at basic prices)

• Table 6: Total domestic supply and internal tourism consumption (at purchasers' prices)

• Table 7: Employment in the tourism industries

• Table 8: Tourism gross fixed capital formation of tourism industries and other industries

• Table 9: Tourism collective consumption by products and levels of government

• Table 10: Non monetary indicators

• These are official sequences of TSA tables! (What I cover is US version, which may not match in their sequences…)

Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 2: Domestic tourism expenditure by products, classes of visitors and types of trips

• Table 3: Outbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 4: Internal tourism consumption by products

• Table 5: Production accounts of tourism industries and other industries (at basic prices)

• Table 6: Total domestic supply and internal tourism consumption (at purchasers' prices)

• Table 7: Employment in the tourism industries

• Table 8: Tourism gross fixed capital formation of tourism industries and other industries

• Table 9: Tourism collective consumption by products and levels of government

• Table 10: Non monetary indicators

• These are official sequences of TSA tables! (What I cover is US version, which may not match in their sequences…)

Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 2: Domestic tourism expenditure by products, classes of visitors and types of trips

• Table 3: Outbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors

• Table 4: Internal tourism consumption by products

• Table 5: Production accounts of tourism industries and other industries (at basic prices)

• Table 6: Total domestic supply and internal tourism consumption (at purchasers' prices)

• Table 7: Employment in the tourism industries

• Table 8: Tourism gross fixed capital formation of tourism industries and other industries

• Table 9: Tourism collective consumption by products and levels of government

• Table 10: Non monetary indicators

• These are official sequences of TSA tables! (What I cover is US version, which may not match in their sequences…)

Tourism Industries

• Tourism Industries

• Can be identified by analyzing the relationships shown in the I-O accounts between tourism commodities and the producing industries (Table 4)
• sell a significant* portion of their output to visitors, (*=the industries’ revenues and profits would be substantially affected if tourism ceased to exist).
• Which ones? Airline, Hotels, local public transportation

Production (Table 5) from U.S. I-O

• Production (Table 5) from U.S. I-O

• Supply and Consumption (Table 6) from U.S. I-O

• Tourism Demand by Type of Visitor (Table 7)

• Tourism GDP (Table 8)

• Tourism Employment and Compensation (Table 9)

Similar to I-O, but with 3 modifications

• Similar to I-O, but with 3 modifications

• Rows and Columns are modified
• Detail is shown only for TTSA commodities and industries, others are aggregated.
• The intermediate inputs and the value-added components are shown as rows at the bottom of the table.

• Each cells on the main diagonal shows the value for the commodity produced by the industry designated as its primary producer.

Supply and Consumption of Tourism-related “Commodities” displayed in one table.

• Supply and Consumption of Tourism-related “Commodities” displayed in one table.

• Left Side of table = Supply (production)
• Domestic Production + Imports + Others
• Right Side of table = Consumption
• Intermediate needs (AX) + Final Demand (household etc) + others

11:15-13:00 Session 8: Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA)

• 11:15-13:00 Session 8: Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA)

• ► Current Country Practices in TSA

• Benin:

• Introduction of Tools Used by Benin for Tourism Satellite Accounts

• Turkey:

• Tourism Satellite Accounts in Turkey